Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

B1 - Cell Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are eukaryotic cells?

A

They are cells found in plants, animals, fungi and protists.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A

It is an organism made up of eukaryotic cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

They are cells found in bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

It is a unicellular organism made up of prokaryotic cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is so different about a prokaryotic cell compared to a eukaryotic cell?

A

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus - instead they have a single DNA loop in the cytoplasm where genetic material is stored.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the small rings of DNA called in prokaryotic cells?

A

They are called plasmids which move between cells so genetic info can be shared.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is missing in prokaryotic cells?

A

They don’t have mitochondria or chloroplasts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the mitochondria do?

A

It is where respiration takes place in the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the chloroplast do?

A

It is where photosynthesis takes place in the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does a eukaryotic cell contain?

A

A cell membrane, a nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and chloroplasts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

it controls the movements in the cell from in and out - selectively permeable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the cytoplasm do?

A

It is where the cell’s chemical reactions take place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the nucleus do?

A

It is the control centre of the cell which contains the genetic material - in chromosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a sub-cellular structure?

A

A sub-cellular structures are things found in a cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is in an animal cell?

A

An animal cell contains a nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes and a cell membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does a ribosome do?

A

Ribosomes are responsible for making proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of respiration do mitochondria do in the animal cell?

A

Mitochondria uses aerobic respiration - process which uses sugar and oxygen to release energy in the mitochondria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a famous phrase for the mitochondria?

A

The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Along with an animal cells sub-cellular structures what else does an plant cell contain that a animal cell does not?

A

It contains a permanent vacuole, chloroplasts and a cell wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the vacuole do?

A

It is a fluid filled sac that stores water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do chloroplasts contain that is needed for photosynthesis?

A

They contain chlorophyll.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the cell wall do?

A

It surrounds the cell and increases the strength of the cell - it is made of cellulose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is inside a bacterial cell?

A

Flagella, cytoplasm, plasmids and a cell membrane and wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is flagella?

A

It is a whip-like structure in bacterial cells that are used for movement.

25
Q

What is cell differentiation?

A

Cell differentiation is the process where a cell develops new sub-cellular structures to let it perform a specific function.

26
Q

What happens to a cell when cell differentiation happens?

A

It becomes specialised.

27
Q

When does cell differentiation happen?

A

It happens during an organism’s development.

28
Q

How does differentiation work in embryos?

A

Organisms start off as one cell and the cells divide to form embryos that differentiate to produce cells that can perform the body’s functions.

29
Q

How are plants able to create new tissues?

A

As they keep their ability to differentiate throughout their life.

30
Q

How does differentiation work in adult animals?

A

Their cells mostly divide - 1 into 2 etc - to replace cells and repair tissues - this is rare - CD is rare in adult animals.

31
Q

How are sperm cells specialised?

A

They are specialised to fertilise egg cells.

32
Q

How do sperm cells fertilise egg cells?

A

They need to travel long distances and break through to the egg cell and fertilise it.

33
Q

What does the tail do in a sperm cell?

A

Used for motion - allows sperm cells travel through the egg cell.

34
Q

What does the acrosome do in a sperm cell?

A

Contains an enzyme needed to penetrate an egg cell.

35
Q

What does the middle section do in the sperm cell?

A

It is filled with mitochondria to provide the sperm with energy to get to the egg cell.

36
Q

What does the head of a sperm cell do?

A

It contains the sperm cell’s nucleus - carries 1/2 of on organism’s genetic material - this combines with the egg cell’s half of genetic material to fertilise the egg cell.

37
Q

How are nerve cells specialised?

A

To transmit electrical messages around the body.

38
Q

What does the axon do in a nerve cell?

A

It is part of a cell that electrical signals travel along - long axons increases the distance that electrical signals can travel.

39
Q

What does the myelin sheath do in a nerve cell?

A

It is a sheath made of material called myelin which surrounds the nerve cell - this stops the electrical nerve signals leaking out - increases speed of transmission of signals.

40
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Branches of a nerve cell - several spread outwards from the cell body to transfer electrical message to other neurons.

41
Q

What are gaps between neurones called?

A

They are called synapses.

42
Q

What is another word for a nerve cell?

A

Neurones.

43
Q

What is another word for electrical messages?

A

impulses.

44
Q

What do protein fibres do in a muscle cell?

A

They can contract which allows the muscle to move.

45
Q

What does the mitochondria do in a muscle cell?

A

It generates lots of energy for motion.

46
Q

What do root hair cells do?

A

Their structure allows the plant to absorb more water and they also allow plants to take in minerals it needs to survive.

47
Q

Why don’t root hair cells have no chloroplasts?

A

Because root hair cells are located underground - they don’t have chloroplasts as there is no light for photosynthesis.

48
Q

Why do root hair cells have long projections?

A

They have long projections that increase surface area that the plant can use to absorb water and minerals.

49
Q

How are xylem cells specialised?

A

They are specialised to transport water up the stem of a plant and into the leaves.

50
Q

What are xylem vessels made up of?

A

They’re made up a series of connected dead xylem cells - the end of the dead cells are broken to allow water to move through.

51
Q

What does lignin do in xylem cells?

A

It is a substance that strengthens the cell walls of xylem cells.

52
Q

What is the phloem specialised for?

A

They are specialised to transport food products to parts of the plant where they are needed.

53
Q

What are phloem vessels made up of?

A

They are made up of columns of living cells.

54
Q

What are the end walls of phloem cells made up of?

A

Small holes that allows food products to move up and down phloem vessels throughout the plant.

55
Q

What is magnification?

A

It tells us how many times larger an image seen through an microscope is compared to the real object.

56
Q

What is resolution?

A

The ability to distinguish between (tell apart) two or more objects that are close together.

57
Q

What is the equation of magnification?

A

image size/real size

58
Q

How does a light microscope work?

A

It passes light through a specimen and creates a magnified image using lenses.

59
Q

How does an electron microscope work?

A

It passes electrons through a specimen and creates a magnified image.

B1 - Cell Biology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions