Cells Flashcards
Cell theory
Was proposed by Matthias schledien and Theodar Schwann and rudolf Virchow
It is the smallest unit of structure of all living things
it is the smallest unit of function of all living things and all cells arise from pre-existing cells
Difference and similarities between animal and plant cell
The similarity is that both have a nucleus ,cytoplasm ,plasma membrane ,mitochondria ,endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes
The difference is in the shape ,cell wall , vacoles chloroplast ,food storage ,and centrioles
Ribosomes
1) small granules or precisely protein particles found scattered in the cytoplasm or are attached with the endoplasmic reticulum
2) also called the factories for synthesis of proteins
Mitochondria
1) it is a minute double world bikes with their inner walls reduced into fingerlike processes projections in the words called “Cristae “
2) Cell respiration occurs here to release energy that is stored in the form of energy rich compounds called ATP
3) also called the powerhouse of the cell
Centrioles and centrosomes
1) found only in the animal cells near the nucleus in clear cytoplasm which develops spindle fibres at the time of cell division
2) Has 2 centrioles that are short bundles of microfilaments arranged at the right angles to each other
Plastids
Found only in plant cells having oral spherical and discshaped
1) chloroplast
2) chromoplast
3) leucoplast
Cytoplasm
1) it is a vicious liquid which occupies most of the space in the cell
2) inside there are embedded the little organs or cell organelles within the cell
3) living cytoplasm is always moving and many chemical reactions take place here
endoplasmic reticulum
1) endoplasmic reticulum is connected with the cell membrane towards the periphery and with a nuclear membrane towards the core
2) it appears rough when ribosomes are attached to it and smooth without them
3) forms the supporting framework of cells
4) sources are part of distribution of materials to and fro from the cell
Cell inclusions
1) some colouring pigments like blue violet and purple not only associated with the pigments remain dissolved in a cell separate colour to the plant structure called Anthony’s in
2) granules are small particles in the cytoplasm that contain materials like starch and fats
3) vacuoles are certain clear spaces in the cytoplasm in plants as they are quite large and liquid contained in them is called cell sap in animal cells real few in number and are small
Nucleus
Regulates and coordinate various life processes
It has delegated nuclear membrane in closing nuclear blast nuclear plasm contains chromatin fibres that become chromosomes during cell division each nucleus has at least one nucleolus
Protoplasm
1) It is the total of all living matter in the cell including cytoplasm and nucleus
2) Chemical composition of protoplasm is very complex and it varies from one cell to another
3) So the cell is the basic structural building block of living organisms consisting of protoplasm enclosed in a cell membrane and I am additional cell wall if it’s a plant cell
Cellmembrane and cell wall
1) cell membrane is made up of lipoprotein while cell wall is made up of Celulose
2) cell membrane is selectively permeable when cell wall is fully permeable
3) main function of the cell membrane is to allow the diffusion of substances in and out of the cell and that of cell wall is to provide shape and rigidity to the plant cell
Cellular activity of the cell
1) growth and repair
2) movement
3) feeding and nutrition
4) blood circulation
5) reproduction
6) absorption of water and photosynthesis
Golgi apparatus
1) occurs in the form of granules filaments or Road which has originated from endoplasmic reticulum
2) they are usually very small vessels of different shapes and found near nucleus
3) it is concerned with the secretions of cell including enzymes and hormones et cetera
Lysosomes
1) it is small vessel of different shapes containing digestive enzymes
2) these enzymes destroy and Digest foreign substances around them
3) damaged cells are destroyed or dissolved by their own lysosomes and hence they are called suicidal bags of the cell
