Cells

Question 1

What is a cell

Answer 1

• A single compartment, enclosed by a border- Usually part of larger structure

Question 2

Example of a unicellular cell

Answer 2

Bacteria

Question 3

Example of a multicellular cell

Answer 3

Humans

Question 4

Prokaryotes (Basic or complicated)

Answer 4

Basic

Question 5

Eukaryotes (Basic or complicated

Answer 5

More complicated

Question 6

Function of plasma membrane

Answer 6

Limits outside of cell and interacts with the environment through secretion and absorption

Question 7

Function of Cytoplasm

Answer 7

Surrounds nucleus and carriers out the main functions using specific organelles

Question 8

Function of Nucleus

Answer 8

Contains genetic info for DNA
Controls shape and activity via Protein synthesis
Exports genetic info as RNA via nucleolus

Question 9

List all organelles (hint)

MNERGLC

Answer 9

1. Mitochondria
2. Nucleus
3. Endoplasmic reticulum
4. Ribosomes
5. Golgi-apparatus
6. Lysosomes
7. Cytoskeleton

Question 10

What is the plasma membrane?

Answer 10

Double layer of lipids (fats) containing proteins (Phospholipid Bilayer)

Question 11

What is the function of a Transporter

Answer 11

Allow movement of ions and larger molecules across membrane

Question 12

What is the function of a Receptor

Answer 12

Allow communication between cells/ environment and cell

Question 13

What is the function of Enzyme

Answer 13

Activation of cascades within cells to assist function

Question 14

What is Passive Transport

Answer 14

movement of ions and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input

Question 15

What is Active Transport

Answer 15

Requires carrier protein that moves molecules and ions across cellular membrane against a concentration gradient Therefore: Requires “Energy”

Question 16

What is Cytoplasm?

Answer 16

Everything inside the cell except the nucleus

Question 17

What is a Nucleus

Answer 17

• Stores the genetic material of the cells in the form of multiple linear chromosomes
  
  • Surrounded by a nuclear envelope composed of 2 phospholipid bilayers
  • Inside envelope is the nucleolus
  • DNA organised with proteins to form chromatin (Granular material of DNA)

Question 18

What is a Ribosome

Answer 18

• Site of protein production

- Translate mRNA code to protein

Question 19

What is Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 19

Involved in transport of materials within cell

Question 20

What are Golgi Apparatus

Answer 20

• Involved in Packaging of materials for secretion of the cell

Question 21

What is Mitochondria

Answer 21

• Rod like, double walled structures
  
  • Inner walls folded into Cristae;
    Site of adenosine triphosphate (Hereafter ATP) production- Basic fuel of cell

Question 22

What are lysosomes

Answer 22

• Sacs of digestive enzymes which can bind to material engulfed by the cell and breaks it down (EG) Macrophages (Break down foreign bodies)

Question 23

What does the cytoskeleton consist of

Answer 23

Microfillaments
Intermediate Fillaments
Microtubules

Question 24

What is cellular energy

Answer 24

ATP

Adenonine Triphosphate

Question 25

How wide are Microfillaments

Answer 25

7nm

Question 26

How wide are Intermediate fillaments

Answer 26

10nm

Question 27

How wide are Microtubules

Answer 27

25nm