cells

Question 1

the cell theory states:

Answer 1

1. cells are the basic unit of life
2. all life is made of cells
3. all cells are made form pre- existing cells
4. all cells maintain homeostasis

Question 2

what is homeostasis

Answer 2

the balance of everything, the maintenance of a constant interna, environment

Question 3

prokaryotic cells

Answer 3

generally unicellular, smaller and less complex then eukaryotes. The organelles in prokaryotes are not memembrane bound.

Question 4

prokaryotes examples

Answer 4

• bacteria

- archaea

Question 5

Genetic material is stored in a singular DNA chromosome, which is contained in the nucleus. This is attached to cell membrane by the origin of the chromosome. The cell membrane is surrounded by the cell wall

Answer 5

prokaryotic cells

Question 6

Many bacteria also have a capsule outside the cell wall to:

Answer 6

protect it from damage, dehydration and engulfment by eukaryotic cells.

Question 7

bacteria gain energy from

Answer 7

sunlight (photosynthesis) or reducing inorganic compounds.

Question 8

bacteria can

Answer 8

survive in almost any environment and are very adaptable because of their metabolic systems

Question 9

bacteria contribute to an ecosystem because

Answer 9

they break down plant and animal waste products

Question 10

bacteria is used in

Answer 10

the food and medical industry and can be used for pollution control.

Question 11

Archaea are

Answer 11

extremophiles, meaning they can survive in many kinds of extreme conditions

Question 12

Archaea can survive in

Answer 12

・ High and low temperatures

・ Oxygen deprived environments

Question 13

Archaea can live in extreme environments because

Answer 13

because of their cell membranes, which are mostly made of lipids

Question 14

lipids is the fluid which makes the cell

Answer 14

able to respond to external conditions and allow for proteins to move. Allows membrane to be semi-ppermeable in extreme conditions

Question 15

eukaryotes

Answer 15

are unicellular and multicellular and have membrane bound organelles. Much larger and more complex than prokaryotes.

Question 16

eukaryotes four kingdoms

Answer 16

・ Plantae
・ Fungi
・ Plantae
・ Animalia

Question 17

plant vs animal cells

Answer 17

Plant cells have cell walls to provide structure and support, animal cells do not.

Question 18

plant cells have…

Answer 18

a permanent vacuole that stores minerals and nutrients (sap). It also gives structure by keeping the cell turgid and chloroplasts which are the site of photosynthesis

Question 19

Animal cells have…

Answer 19

multiple vacuoles, but they do not provide support.

Question 20

animal cells do not have chloroplasts because

Answer 20

they do not perform photosynthesis.

Question 21

how can you tell its a eukaryotic cell

Answer 21

clearly defined membrane bound nucleus

Question 22

how can you tell its an animal cell

Answer 22

no cell wall

Question 23

What is another name for a cell membrane

Answer 23

Plasma membrane

Question 24

three functions of cell membranes:

Answer 24

• Makes sure the contents of the cells are held in
• Controls what goes in and out
• Allow high concerntrations of chemicals to live in the cell without it being detrimental

Question 25

On a cell membrane the phosphate heads are

Answer 25

water-attracting, or hydrophilic. The fatty acid tails are water-repelling or hydrophobic

Question 26

three types of proteins and the function of each found in and on the surface of the cell membrane?

Answer 26

a) Receptor protiens – receives messages and triggers a response
b) Enzymes – speed up reactions
c) Transport – help various substances through the membrane

Question 27

Why is the nucleus of a cell is often called its information centre

Answer 27

Its stores the chromsomes which carry DNA

Question 28

What is the function of nuclear pores?

Answer 28

They let substance in and out of the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Question 29

What are nucleoli made of?

Answer 29

Rich in proteins and RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Question 30

Define cytoplasm

Answer 30

the material within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.

Question 31

What is the cytosol

Answer 31

Semi fluid substance in the cytoplasm that organelles float in

Question 32

Identify two processes that occur in the cytosol

Answer 32

• Synthesis of proteins and fats

- First stages of energy release from sugars

Question 33

What is the cytoskeleton

Answer 33

Network of interconnected filaments and tubules

Question 34

What are microtubules and microfilaments made of?

Answer 34

proteins

Question 35

What function does the cytoskeleton serve

Answer 35

Give the cell shape – network of moving parts

Question 36

How many mitochondria can be found in cells?

Answer 36

1000 but depening on the type of cell there could be many more

Question 37

Identify two types of cell that have more mitochondria than others

Answer 37

• sperm cells

- muscle cells

Question 38

Identify two places within a cell where ribosomes build proteins.

Answer 38

a) eukaryotic cells

b) prokaryotic cells

Question 39

Identify two functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 39

a) formation and transportation of lipids

b) protects cells form harmful compounds

Question 40

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 40

Process and bundle proteins and lipids as they are synthesised within the cell, package proteins and transport to the body