cells Flashcards
the cell theory states:
- cells are the basic unit of life
- all life is made of cells
- all cells are made form pre- existing cells
- all cells maintain homeostasis
what is homeostasis
the balance of everything, the maintenance of a constant interna, environment
prokaryotic cells
generally unicellular, smaller and less complex then eukaryotes. The organelles in prokaryotes are not memembrane bound.
prokaryotes examples
- bacteria
- archaea
Genetic material is stored in a singular DNA chromosome, which is contained in the nucleus. This is attached to cell membrane by the origin of the chromosome. The cell membrane is surrounded by the cell wall
prokaryotic cells
Many bacteria also have a capsule outside the cell wall to:
protect it from damage, dehydration and engulfment by eukaryotic cells.
bacteria gain energy from
sunlight (photosynthesis) or reducing inorganic compounds.
bacteria can
survive in almost any environment and are very adaptable because of their metabolic systems
bacteria contribute to an ecosystem because
they break down plant and animal waste products
bacteria is used in
the food and medical industry and can be used for pollution control.
Archaea are
extremophiles, meaning they can survive in many kinds of extreme conditions
Archaea can survive in
・ High and low temperatures
・ Oxygen deprived environments
Archaea can live in extreme environments because
because of their cell membranes, which are mostly made of lipids
lipids is the fluid which makes the cell
able to respond to external conditions and allow for proteins to move. Allows membrane to be semi-ppermeable in extreme conditions
eukaryotes
are unicellular and multicellular and have membrane bound organelles. Much larger and more complex than prokaryotes.
eukaryotes four kingdoms
・ Plantae
・ Fungi
・ Plantae
・ Animalia
plant vs animal cells
Plant cells have cell walls to provide structure and support, animal cells do not.
plant cells have…
a permanent vacuole that stores minerals and nutrients (sap). It also gives structure by keeping the cell turgid and chloroplasts which are the site of photosynthesis
Animal cells have…
multiple vacuoles, but they do not provide support.
animal cells do not have chloroplasts because
they do not perform photosynthesis.
how can you tell its a eukaryotic cell
clearly defined membrane bound nucleus
how can you tell its an animal cell
no cell wall
What is another name for a cell membrane
Plasma membrane
three functions of cell membranes:
- Makes sure the contents of the cells are held in
- Controls what goes in and out
- Allow high concerntrations of chemicals to live in the cell without it being detrimental
