Cells Flashcards
Nucleus
An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that contains most of the genetic material.
Endomembrane system
A network of membranes that includes the nuclear envelope,the endoplasmic reticulum,the Golgi apparatus,lysosome,vacuoles,and plasma membrane.
Nuclear envelope
Double membrane that encloses the cells nucleus.
Nuclear pores
A passageway for the movement of molecules and macromolecules into and out of the nucleus.
Chromosomes
A discrete unit of genetic material composed of DNA and associated proteins.
Chromotin
Biochemical composition of chromosomes , which contain DNA and many types of proteins
Nucleolus
A prominent region in the nucleus of nondividing cells where ribosome assembly occurs.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Network of membranes that form flattened , fluid like tubules
Rough ER
Studded with ribosomes
Protein sorting
Insertion of membrane proteins
Glycosylation (attachment of carbs to proteins and lipids)
Smooth ER
Metabolism
Storage of Ca 2+ ( calcium)
Lipid synthesis and modification
Golgi apparatus
A stack of flattened , membrane bound compartments that performs three overlapping functions : secretion, processing , sorting
Vacuoles
Prominent organelles in plant cells, fungal cells and protists
Specialized compartments found in eukaryotic cells that function in storage , the regulation of cell volume and degradation
Peroxisome
Small organelle found in all eukaryotic cells that catalyzes detoxifying reactions.
Mitochondria
Semiautonomous organelle found in eukaryotic cells that supplies most of the cells ATP
Chloroplast
A semiautonomous organelle found in plant and algal Elle that carries out photosynthesis
Granum
A structure composed of Stacked membrane bound thylakoids within a chloroplast
Stroma
Fluid filled region of the chloroplast between the thylakoid membrane and the inner membrane
Binary fission
Process of cell division in bacteria and archae in which one cell divides into two cells
