Cells Flashcards
Squamous
Thin, flat scaly shape (e.g. surface of dermis, lining of esophagus)
Cuboidal
Squarish, about equal height and width (e.g. liver cells, certain glands)
Columnar
Distinctly taller than wide (e.g. lining of GI tract)
Polygonal
Irregular, angular shapes with four or more sides (e.g. liver cells, adipose cells)
Stellate
Several processes projecting from the cell body (e.g. neurons)
Spheroidal (Ovoid)
Round cell (e.g. egg cell, white blood cells)
Discoid
Shaped like a disc (e.g. red blood cells)
Fusiform (spindle-shaped)
Elongated cell that is wider in the middle and tapered at each end (e.g. smooth muscle cells)
Fibrous
long, slender cell that does not taper (e.g. skeletal muscle cells)
What are the functions of membrane proteins?
Channel/Carrier, Identity, Receptor, Structure
Glycocalyx
Cell surface markers consisting of glycoproteins and glycolipids (e.g. blood types)
Cell Extensions
Microvilli (increase suface area), Cilia (create waves on the surface of stationary cells), Flagella (propels a cell), Pseudopods (cytoplasm filled extensions that continually change form)
What substances can freely diffuse through phospholipids?
Nonpolar molecules (fatty acids, certain vitamins), Gases, Very small polar molecules (H20 in small amounts)
What substances do NOT diffuse through phospholipids?
Ions (e.g. Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca2+), Large polar molecules (sugars, complex carbs, amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids)
Types of passive (diffusion) transport through the cell membrane.
Simple diffusion, Facilitated (Carrier-Mediated) diffusion
