Cells

Question 1

What is the Nucleus?

Answer 1

A large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope (double membrane), with pores. Contains chromatin and usually a nucleolus.

Question 2

What is the Chloroplast?

Answer 2

A small flattened structure found in plant cells. Surrounded by a double membrane, and also has membranes inside called Thylakoid membranes. These are stacked up in some parts to form grana. Grana are linked together by lamellae - thin, flat pieces of thylakoid membrane.

Question 3

What is the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 3

A system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space.

Question 4

What is the Lysosome?

Answer 4

A round organelle surrounded by a membrane, with no defined internal structure.

Question 5

What is the Microvilli?

Answer 5

These are folds in the cell surface membrane that form mini projections.

Question 6

What is the Cell Surface (Plasma) Membrane?

Answer 6

Found on the surface of animal cells and just inside the cell wall of plant cells. Made mainly of lipids and proteins.

Question 7

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 7

A system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space and has ribosomes attached to it.

Question 8

What is the Vesicle?

Answer 8

A group of fluid-filled flattened sacs.

Question 9

What is the Ribosome?

Answer 9

A very small organelle that floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 10

What is the Mitochondrion?

Answer 10

Usually oval shaped. They have a double membrane - the inner one is folded to form structures called cristae, inside is the matrix. The site of aerobic respiration.

Question 11

What is the Cell Wall?

Answer 11

A rigid structure that surrounds plant cells. Made of mainly the carbohydrate cellulose.

Question 12

What is the function of the Nucleus?

Answer 12

Chromatin is made of proteins and DNA. DNA controls cell activity. The pores allow substances (eg RNA) to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleolus makes ribosomes.

Question 13

What is the function of the Chloroplast?

Answer 13

The site where Photosynthesis takes place. Some parts of photosynthesis take place in the grana, and other parts happen in the stroma (a thick fluid).

Question 14

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 14

Processes and packages new lipids and proteins. It also makes lysosomes.

Question 15

What is the function of the Lysosome?

Answer 15

Contains digestive enzymes. These are kept separate from the cytoplasm by a surrounding membrane, and can be used to digest invading cells or to break down worn out organelles in the cell.

Question 16

What is the function of the Microvillii?

Answer 16

Found on cells involved in processes like absorption, such as epithelial cells in the small intestine. They increase surface area of the cell membrane.

Question 17

What is the function of the Cell Surface (Plasma) Membrane?

Answer 17

Regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell. Also has receptors (glycoproteins) on it, which allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones.

Question 18

What is the function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 18

The smooth synthesises and processes lipids. The rough folds and processes proteins made by ribosomes.

Question 19

What is the function of the Vesicle?

Answer 19

Transport substances in and out of the cell (via the cell surface membrane) and between organelles. Some are formed by the golgi apparatus or the endoplasmic reticulum, while others are formed at the cell surface.

Question 20

What is the function of the Ribosome?

Answer 20

The site where proteins are made.

Question 21

What is the function of the Mitochondrion?

Answer 21

The site of aerobic respiration to make ATP. Found in large numbers in cells that are very active and require a lot of energy.

Question 22

What is the function of the Cell Wall?

Answer 22

Supports plant cells and stops them from taking up too much water and bursting.