Cells Flashcards
What structures are in an animal cell?
An animal cell contains a nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm and mitochondria.
What structures are in a plant cell?
A plant cell contains a nucleus, cytoplasm, a cell membrane, mitochondria, a cell wall, chloroplasts and a vacuole.
What is a nucleus?
The nucleus is he control centre for the cell. It controls all cell processes, and contains genetic information about the cell.
What is a cell membrane?
The cell membrane contains the contents of the cell, and allows substances to leave and enter the cell.
What is cytoplasm?
Cytoplasm is a jelly like liquid where all cell activity and chemical reactions take place.
What is a mitochondrion?
A mitochondrion is a structure in the cytoplasm where aerobic respiration takes place. Basically, it powers the cell.
What is the cell wall?
The cell wall is an outer protective layer that keeps the cell rigid.
What are chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts are structures that contain a green pigment (chlorophyll) to trap light and carry out photosynthesis.
What is the vacuole?
The vacuole is a fluid filled shape inside the cell, which contains cell sap and gives the cell its shape.
What is the process of aerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration:
Glucose + oxygen
|
V
Carbon dioxide + water
What is the process of photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis:
Carbon dioxide + water
|
V
Glucose + oxygen
What is a stem cell?
A stem cell is an unspecialised cell, that is kept in he body. When a new cell is needed, it will specialise and become that type of cell.
What is a specialised cell?
A specialised cell has a certain function or purpose to carry out. It will have unique features to help it with its function.
What do you need new cells for?
You need new cells for growth, repair and reproduction.
What is cell division?
Cell division is the process in which a cell will split itself and its nucleus, after reaching a certain size, into two new daughter cells, that are exactly the same.
What is a red blood cell?
A red blood cell has the function of carrying oxygen around the body. It has a large surface area, for oxygen to pass through, it contains haemoglobin, which joins with oxygen and it is the ONLY cell ever found, that does not have a nucleus.
What is a nerve cell/neuron?
A nerve cell carries nerve impulses to different parts of the body. It has long connections at the end, a long shape and it can carry a electrical signals.
What is an egg cell (female gamete)?
A.k.a. an Ova, its purpose is to join with the male cell and then to provide food for the new cell that has been formed. It is quite large, containing lots of cytoplasm.
What is a sperm cell (male gamete)?
A sperm cell has the purpose to reach the egg cell and join with it. It has a long tail for swimming and a head that helps it get into the egg cell.
What is a root hair cell?
A root hair cell absorbs water and minerals, which it achieves with its large surface area.
What is a palisade (leaf cell)?
A palisade absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis. It has a large surface area and more chloroplasts than any other kind of plant cell.
What is a tissue?
A tissue is a structure that is made up of many specialised cells (each the same). Tissues can form organs.
What is an organ?
An organ is a structure made of a group of different tissues that work together to complete a specific job, e.g. dissolve food particles. Several organs will make an organ system.
What is an organ system?
An organ system is a system made up of different organs that complete a more general task, e.g. digest food.
What is the nervous system?
The purpose of the nervous system is to control our body’s actions, as well as our memory and our cognitive functions. Organs include:
- brain
- nerves
What is the digestive system?
The digestive system breaks down food and extracts important materials from it. Organs include:
- teeth
- salivary glands
- oesophagus/gullet
- stomach
- liver
- intestines
What is the excretory system?
The excretory system removes waste products that we have ingested. Organs include:
- large intestine
- kidneys
- rectum
- bladder
- liver
What is the circulatory system?
The circulatory system gets oxygen around the body. Organs include:
- heart
- arteries
- veins
What is the respiratory system?
The respiratory system draws in oxygen from the air, and gets rid of Carbon Dioxide. The circulatory system is intertwined with the respiratory system. Organs include:
- mouth
- windpipe trachea
- bronchus
- bronchioles
- lungs
- diaphragm
What are the main organ systems in the body?
The main organ systems are as following:
- nervous
- digestive
- excretory
- circulatory
- respiratory
- reproductive
What is the female reproductive system?
The female reproductive system mostly develops during puberty. It is made to reproduce and help the embryo/foetus to develop. Organs include:
- vagina
- cervix
- uterus
- oviduct/fallopian tube
- ovaries
- uterus wall
What is the male reproductive system?
The male reproductive system has the purpose of reproducing, and producing sperm. Organs include:
- penis
- testes
- urethra
- sperm glands
- scrotum
- sperm duct
