Cells

Question 1

What structures are in an animal cell?

Answer 1

An animal cell contains a nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm and mitochondria.

Question 2

What structures are in a plant cell?

Answer 2

A plant cell contains a nucleus, cytoplasm, a cell membrane, mitochondria, a cell wall, chloroplasts and a vacuole.

Question 3

What is a nucleus?

Answer 3

The nucleus is he control centre for the cell. It controls all cell processes, and contains genetic information about the cell.

Question 4

What is a cell membrane?

Answer 4

The cell membrane contains the contents of the cell, and allows substances to leave and enter the cell.

Question 5

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 5

Cytoplasm is a jelly like liquid where all cell activity and chemical reactions take place.

Question 6

What is a mitochondrion?

Answer 6

A mitochondrion is a structure in the cytoplasm where aerobic respiration takes place. Basically, it powers the cell.

Question 7

What is the cell wall?

Answer 7

The cell wall is an outer protective layer that keeps the cell rigid.

Question 8

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 8

Chloroplasts are structures that contain a green pigment (chlorophyll) to trap light and carry out photosynthesis.

Question 9

What is the vacuole?

Answer 9

The vacuole is a fluid filled shape inside the cell, which contains cell sap and gives the cell its shape.

Question 10

What is the process of aerobic respiration?

Answer 10

Aerobic respiration:

Glucose + oxygen
|
V
Carbon dioxide + water

Question 11

What is the process of photosynthesis?

Answer 11

Photosynthesis:

Carbon dioxide + water
|
V
Glucose + oxygen

Question 12

What is a stem cell?

Answer 12

A stem cell is an unspecialised cell, that is kept in he body. When a new cell is needed, it will specialise and become that type of cell.

Question 13

What is a specialised cell?

Answer 13

A specialised cell has a certain function or purpose to carry out. It will have unique features to help it with its function.

Question 14

What do you need new cells for?

Answer 14

You need new cells for growth, repair and reproduction.

Question 15

What is cell division?

Answer 15

Cell division is the process in which a cell will split itself and its nucleus, after reaching a certain size, into two new daughter cells, that are exactly the same.

Question 16

What is a red blood cell?

Answer 16

A red blood cell has the function of carrying oxygen around the body. It has a large surface area, for oxygen to pass through, it contains haemoglobin, which joins with oxygen and it is the ONLY cell ever found, that does not have a nucleus.

Question 17

What is a nerve cell/neuron?

Answer 17

A nerve cell carries nerve impulses to different parts of the body. It has long connections at the end, a long shape and it can carry a electrical signals.

Question 18

What is an egg cell (female gamete)?

Answer 18

A.k.a. an Ova, its purpose is to join with the male cell and then to provide food for the new cell that has been formed. It is quite large, containing lots of cytoplasm.

Question 19

What is a sperm cell (male gamete)?

Answer 19

A sperm cell has the purpose to reach the egg cell and join with it. It has a long tail for swimming and a head that helps it get into the egg cell.

Question 20

What is a root hair cell?

Answer 20

A root hair cell absorbs water and minerals, which it achieves with its large surface area.

Question 21

What is a palisade (leaf cell)?

Answer 21

A palisade absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis. It has a large surface area and more chloroplasts than any other kind of plant cell.

Question 22

What is a tissue?

Answer 22

A tissue is a structure that is made up of many specialised cells (each the same). Tissues can form organs.

Question 23

What is an organ?

Answer 23

An organ is a structure made of a group of different tissues that work together to complete a specific job, e.g. dissolve food particles. Several organs will make an organ system.

Question 24

What is an organ system?

Answer 24

An organ system is a system made up of different organs that complete a more general task, e.g. digest food.

Question 25

What is the nervous system?

Answer 25

The purpose of the nervous system is to control our body’s actions, as well as our memory and our cognitive functions. Organs include:

• brain
• nerves

Question 26

What is the digestive system?

Answer 26

The digestive system breaks down food and extracts important materials from it. Organs include:

• teeth
• salivary glands
• oesophagus/gullet
• stomach
• liver
• intestines

Question 27

What is the excretory system?

Answer 27

The excretory system removes waste products that we have ingested. Organs include:

• large intestine
• kidneys
• rectum
• bladder
• liver

Question 28

What is the circulatory system?

Answer 28

The circulatory system gets oxygen around the body. Organs include:

• heart
• arteries
• veins

Question 29

What is the respiratory system?

Answer 29

The respiratory system draws in oxygen from the air, and gets rid of Carbon Dioxide. The circulatory system is intertwined with the respiratory system. Organs include:

• mouth
• windpipe trachea
• bronchus
• bronchioles
• lungs
• diaphragm

Question 30

What are the main organ systems in the body?

Answer 30

The main organ systems are as following:

• nervous
• digestive
• excretory
• circulatory
• respiratory
• reproductive

Question 31

What is the female reproductive system?

Answer 31

The female reproductive system mostly develops during puberty. It is made to reproduce and help the embryo/foetus to develop. Organs include:

• vagina
• cervix
• uterus
• oviduct/fallopian tube
• ovaries
• uterus wall

Question 32

What is the male reproductive system?

Answer 32

The male reproductive system has the purpose of reproducing, and producing sperm. Organs include:

• penis
• testes
• urethra
• sperm glands
• scrotum
• sperm duct