Cells

Question 1

Describe the basic components of a cell

Answer 1

The purpose of a cell is to replicate which is facilitated by different cellular components.
DNA stores genetic information and RNA transmits this information out of the nucleus.

Question 2

Eukaryotic cells have components…

Answer 2

Specialised environments for biological components.

Increased efficiency of reactions.

Question 3

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

Membrane and secretory protein synthesis/modification

Lipid synthesis

Question 4

Lysosome

Answer 4

General degradation, recycling of unwanted components

Question 5

Golgi apparatus

Answer 5

Package and deliver proteins

Protein modification

Question 6

Nuclear membranes

Answer 6

Contain and organise the genome

Question 7

Plasma membrane

Answer 7

Contains the cell content
semi-permeable barrier
signals transmitted through trans-membrane proteins

Question 8

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Answer 8

Localise and facilitate ATP synthesis

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

Enclosed by a double membrane which is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.
Nuclear pores where the outer and inner membrane fuse

Question 10

Nuclear pore complex

Answer 10

large holes in membranes so ions can enter by diffusion

Question 11

What is the RER covered in?

Answer 11

A surface of ribosomes which are docked onto the membrane by translocon proteins

Question 12

Peroxisome and disease

Answer 12

Fatty acid oxidation

ALD is a disease of peroxisomes which can lead to very long chain fatty acids being made

Question 13

Describe the 3 components of the cytoskeleton

Answer 13

Actin: cell shape and organisation, cell movement
Microtubules: form mitotic spindle
Intermediate filaments: structural proteins that provide strength