Cells

Question 1

Defintion of a cell

Answer 1

A small, membrane-enclosed unit filled with a concentrated aqueus solution of chemicals. Must be able to reproduce itself.

Question 2

What separates prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic?

Answer 2

Prokaryotic cells are without a nucleus

Question 3

Which domains contain prokaryotic organisms?

Answer 3

Bacteria and archaea

Question 4

What kind of shape does the Streptococcus bacteria have?

Answer 4

Spherical cells

Question 5

What kind of shape does E. coli have?

Answer 5

Rod-like (along with Salmonella)

Question 6

Name a species of spherical-shaped bacteria

Answer 6

Treponema pallidum

Question 7

How big is a bacteria cell?

Answer 7

Usually a few micrometers, but can be upto 100 bigger.

Question 8

Are prokaryotic cells aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 8

They can be either. Aerobic cells use oxygen to oxidize food molecules, while anaerobic organisms die from exposure to oxygen.

Question 9

Where do prokaryotic cells that live in inorganic environments get their energy from?

Answer 9

Some can perform photosynthesis in the samw way as plant cells, others derive energy from from the chemical reactivity of inorganic substances in the environment.

Question 10

What are some examples of single-celled eukaryotic organisms?

Answer 10

Amoebae, yeast

Question 11

What is th cell membrane composed of? What is the cell membranes main task?

Answer 11

A double layer of phospholipids. Keep things in ther place and control trasport to and from th cell.

Question 12

What is cytosol?

Answer 12

A concentraed aqueous gel of large and small molecules. The cytosol is what fills the space between the organelles.

Question 13

Where are ribosomes located?

Answer 13

Within the cytosol or bound to the endoplasmatic reticulum

Question 14

Where is the ER located in the cell?

Answer 14

The ER is a membraneous system in a maze-like structure. It runs through a large part of the cell, but is particulary close to the nucleus.

Question 15

How does the ER, the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes interact?

Answer 15

They continuosly exchange materials by way of transport vesicles that pinch off from one organelle and fuse with another.

Question 16

What are peroxisomes?

Answer 16

Peroxisomes are vesicles used to inactivate toxic molecules by the use of hydrogen peroxide

Question 17

What does the cell membrane consist of?

Answer 17

A double layer of phospholipids, various membrane proteins, cholesterol and carbohydrates

Question 18

How does the structure of double-layer organelle membranes differentiate from the cell membrane?

Answer 18

They are quite similar; the biggest difference are the types of proteins used

Question 19

Is the cell membrane permeable?

Answer 19

It is semipermeable. Most cell membranes are permeable to water.

Question 20

Cytosol takes up approximately what amount of the total cell volume?

Answer 20

Ca. 50%

Question 21

What are ribosomes made up of?

Answer 21

rRNA and proteins

Question 22

What part of protein synthesis takes place in the ribosomes?

Answer 22

They recieve mRNA, decode its message and produce proteins

Question 23

Where are ribosomes located in the cell?

Answer 23

Either free in the cytosol, or attached to the ER

Question 24

What is the function of smooth and “rough”(?) ER?

Answer 24

Smooth ER produces lipids and stores Ca2+. Rough ER has ribosomes attached to the membrane. The ER recieves proteins directly from the ribosome, sorts them and encases them in vesicles, and sends them to the GA for further s

ortage

Question 25

What is the main task of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 25

It sorts through proteins recieved from ER and sends them to the proper places