Cells

Question 1

Extremophiles

Answer 1

Organisms that are able to tolerate extreme conditions

Question 2

Thermophile

Answer 2

Can tolerate extreme temperature

Question 3

Halophile

Answer 3

Can tolerate extreme salinity

Question 4

Acidophile

Answer 4

Can tolerate extreme acidity

Question 5

Alkalinophile

Answer 5

Can tolerate extreme alkalinty

Question 6

Unicellular

Answer 6

An organism made up of a single cell

Question 7

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 7

Are more primitive: have no nucleus or distinct organelles

Question 8

Ultrastructure

Answer 8

The detailed structure of a biological specimen

Question 9

Nuclear membrane

Answer 9

A double membrane with a space in-between

Question 10

Autolysis

Answer 10

The release of enzymes so that the entire cell is digested causing it to self-destruct

Question 11

Viron

Answer 11

Inert virus particles that only exist outside the host cell

Question 12

Bacteriophage

Answer 12

Viruses that replicate inside bacterial cells

Question 13

Differentiation

Answer 13

The development of different shapes and structures to carry out specific functions.

Question 14

Organelles

Answer 14

Specialised structures within cells

Question 15

A tissue

Answer 15

A collection of specialised cells of the same type, all working together to carry out a specific function

Question 16

A system

Answer 16

A number of organs working together to perform a common function

Question 17

Intrinsic proteins

Answer 17

Proteins which span the entire width of the membrane

Question 18

Extrinsic proteins

Answer 18

Proteins that are only found on the inner or outer surface of the membrane

Question 19

Glycolipids

Answer 19

Lipids combined with polysaccharides and play a role in cell-to-cell recognition

Question 20

Glycoproteins

Answer 20

Proteins combined with polysaccharides and are important in cells recognising each other, some act as antigens

Question 21

Diffusion

Answer 21

The movement of molecules (or ions) from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration until they are evenly spread.

Question 22

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 22

The use of proteins to assist the movement of molecules or ions.

Question 23

Passive processes

Answer 23

Processes that do not require the use of ATP from respiration to be carried out

Question 24

Partially permeable membrane

Answer 24

A membrane that allows some molecules to pass but not others

Question 25

Osmosis

Answer 25

The diffusion of water molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration across a partially permeable membrane

Question 26

Osmosis (ψ)

Answer 26

The diffusion of water molecules from a region of high ψ to a region of lower ψ across a partially permeable membrane

Question 27

Water potential (ψ)

Answer 27

The measure of the relative tendency of water to move from one area to another

Question 28

Solute potential (Ψs)

Answer 28

The measure of the reduction in Ψ due to the presence of solute molecules

Question 29

Pressure potential (Ψp)

Answer 29

The pressure exerted on the cell contents by the cell wall and cell membrane

Question 30

Hypotonic solution

Answer 30

A weak solution such as distilled water

Question 31

Hypertonic solution

Answer 31

A strong solution such as saline solution

Question 32

Isotonic solution

Answer 32

A solution with the same Ψ as the cell

Question 33

Osmoregulation

Answer 33

The process by which cells and simple organisms maintain fluid and electrolyte balance with their surroundings.

Question 34

Active transport

Answer 34

The uptake of molecules or ions against a concentration gradient using energy from respiration.

Question 35

Endocytosis

Answer 35

The transport of large quantities of material (solid or liquid) into the cell

Question 36

Exocytosis

Answer 36

The transport of large quantities of material (solid or liquid) out of the cell

Question 37

Phagocytosis

Answer 37

The entrance of large quantities of solid material into the cell

Question 38

Pinocytosis

Answer 38

The entrance of large quantities of liquid material into the cell