Cells

Question 1

Cell Membrane

Answer 1

the cell membrane separates the cell from its external environment, and is selectively permeable (controls what gets in and out).

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

Organelles are found here and substances like salts may be dissolved in the cytoplasm.

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

The nucleus is the “control center” of the cell, for cell metabolism and reproduction. it also holds dna

Question 4

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 4

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is lined with ribosomes and is rough in appearance and smooth endoplasmic reticulum contains no ribosomes and is smooth in appearance.

Question 5

Ribosomes

Answer 5

Ribosomes are small particles which are found individually in the cytoplasm and also line the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes produce protein. They could be thought of as “factories” in the cell.

Question 6

Golgi apparatus

Answer 6

Golgi bodies are stacks of flattened membranous stacks (they look like pancakes!). The Golgi Body temporarily stores protein which can then leave the cell via vesiciles pinching off from the Golgi.

Question 7

Lysosomes

Answer 7

Lysosomes are small sac-like structures surrounded by a single membrane and containing strong digestive enzymes which when released can break down worn out organelles or food.

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

the mitochondria releases food energy from food molecules to be used by the cell. This process is called respiration. Some cells( muscle cells) require more energy than other cells and so would have many more mitochondria.

Question 9

Vacuoles

Answer 9

Vacuoles are fluid filled organelles enclosed by a membrane. They can store materials such as food, water, sugar, minerals and waste products.

Question 10

Cell wall

Answer 10

The cell wall gives the plant cell it’s box-like shape. it also protects the cell. The cell wall contains pores which allow materials to pass to and from the cell membrane.

Question 11

Plastids

Answer 11

plastids are double membrane bound organelles. It is in plastids that plants make and store food. Plastids are found in the cytoplasm and there are two main types:

Leucoplasts - colorless organelles which store starch or other plant nutrients. ( example - starch stored in a potato)

Chromoplasts - contain different colored pigments. The most important type of chromoplast is the chloroplast, which contains the green pigment chlorophyll.  This is important in the process of photosynthesis.

Question 12

Central Vacuole

Answer 12

The central vacuole is a large fluid-filled vacuole found in plants.