Cells Flashcards
What are the characteristics of living things? (6)
- They are made of cells
- They obtain and use energy
- They grow and develop
- They reproduce
- They respond to their environment
- They adapt to their environment
What does unicellular mean?
One Cell.
Found in water such as ponds, lakes, and rivers
What does multi cellular mean?
Made up of different types of cells.
Ex. Humans, most animals and plants
What does the cell theory state? (6)
- All living things are made up of cells
- The cell is structural and functional unit of all living things (basic unit of life)
- All cells come from pre-existing cells by division (Spontaneous generation does not occur)
- Cell contain hereditary information which is passed from cell to cell during cell division
- All cells are basically the same in chemical composition
- All energy flow of life occurs within cells
What is an organelle?
Smaller structures within a cell, each organelle has a certain function
What do all cells share in common? (3)
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Genetic Material (DNA)
What is a Eukaryotic Cell?
Cells with double membrane bound intracellular organelles, have nucleus
What are cells surrounded with?
A plasma membrane, made of phospholipids and proteins.
What organelles are only in plant cells? (3)
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Central Vacuole
What organelles are only in animal cells? (2)
Centrioles
Lysosomes
What is the structure and purposes of the nucleus parts? (4)
Chromatin: DNA and proteins
Nucleolus: Condensed structure in the nucleus
Nuclear Envelope: Double Membrane with pores
Necleoplasm: Semi-Fluid medium in the nucleus
What is cytosol? Cytoplasm? What’s the difference between the two?
Cytosol: “Soup” within which all the other cell organelles reside and where most of the cellular metabolism occurs
Cytoplasm: Term for the cytosol plus the organelles suspended in the cytosol.
The cytosol is the broth, while the cytoplasm is the soup as a whole.
What is the plasma membrane?
Regulates what enter and exits the cell
What are ribosomes?
Protein synthesis occurs in ribosomes.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
What is rough ER?
What is smooth ER?
Is a system of membranous channels and saccules.
Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and is the site of protein synthesis and processing.
Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is the site of synthesis of phospholipids (or Lipids/Fat), and packaging proteins into proteins.
What is the golgi apparatus?
The golgi receives protein and also lipid-filled vesicles from the ER, packages, processes, and distributes them among the cell
Also involved in secretion.
What are lysosomes?
Lysosomes are vesicles produced by golgi apparatus.
Lysosomes contain enzymes and are involves in intracellular digestion.
What are vacuoles/vesicles?
Vacuoles (large) and vesicles (small) are membranous enclosures in the cell that store substances.
What are chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis
Bound by two membranes enclosing a fluid-filled stroma that contains enzymes.
Membranes inside the stroma are organized thylakoids that house chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll absorbs solar energy and carbohydrates are made in the stroma.
Whats is the mitochondria?
Mitochondria are found in plant and animal cells.
They are involved in cellular respiration which releases energy. “Powerhouse of cell”
Mitochondria are bounded by a double membrane surrounding fluid-filled matrix.
The matrix contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates and the cristae house protein complexes that produce ATP (energy).
What is the cell wall?
Only found in plant cells, rigid & protective.
Fluid collects in the plant cell vacuole and pushes out against the cell wall.
The turgor pressure is responsible for the crispness of veggies.
What are centrioles?
Centrioles may be involved in microtubule formation and disassembly during cell division and in the organization of cilia and flagella.
What is cilia and flagella?
Cilia (small and numerous) and flagella (large and single) are involved in cell movement.
What is a cytoskeleton?
Helps maintain cell shape, but primary importance is in cell motility. The internal movement of the cell organelles, as well as cell locomotion couldn’t take place without cytoskeleton.
What is the formula for Photosynthesis?
Sunlight energy + 6CO2+ 6H20= C6H1206+602
What is the formula for Cellular Respiration?
C6H1206+602= 6C02+ 6H20+ ATP
