Cells Flashcards
What is the function of the nucleus and where is it found
Found in both animal and plant cells
Contains DNA which is responsible for providing each cell with unique characteristics
Function of the nucleolus and where is it found
Found in both animal and plant cells
Inside the nucleus, produces ribosomes and moves in and out of the nucleus to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Function of cytoplasm and where is it found
Found in both animal and plant cell
Full of proteins that control cell metabolism, known as the soup of the cell in which other cell organelles reside
Function of the centriole and where is it found
Found in an animal cell
Ring of nine groups of fused microtubles
Function of the Golgi and where is it found
Found in both animal and plant cell
Site of production of cellular secretions - packaging department
Function of the cell membrane and where it’s found
Found in both animal and plant cell
Protection and isolation from the environment, barrier from uncontrolled flow of water
Function of mitochondria and where it’s found
Found in both animal and plant cell
Powerhouse of the cell, responsible for energy production
Function of the vacuole and where it’s found
Found in both animal and plant cell
Releases cellular waste products, helps with intracellular digestion and regulates turgor pressure
Function of the cell wall and where it’s found
Found in the plant cell
Provides and maintains shape of the cell
Function of chloroplast and where is it found
Found in the plant cell
Absorbs energy from the sun and converts water and oxygen into glucose. Process of photosynthesis.
Contains chlorophyll which makes plants green
Function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and where is it found
Found in both cells
Involved in protein synthesis and breaks down lipid soluble toxins in liver cells
Function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and where it’s found
Found in both cells
Ribosomes collect in the endoplasmic reticulum for transport throughout the cell and proteins are synthesised
Function of ribosome and found where
Found in both cells
Site of protein synthesis
Function of lysosome and where is it found
Found in both cells
Kills and digests bacteria in the vacuole and responsible for recycling.
Why are cells referred to as the building blocks of life?
Because they are the basic and smallest unit of all living organisms, cells of similar type make up tissues which then make organs and the organs build up organisms resulting in an organ system
Difference between and eukaryotic and a prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cells contain DNA in the nucleus where prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus so the DNA floats around in the cell
What is the respiratory system responsible for
Extraction of oxygen from the air
Digestive system responsibility
Extracts nutrients from food
What does the immune system do
Removes harmful substances and organisms from the body
What does Excretory system do?
Extracts cellular waste from blood for removal from body
Circulatory system responsibility
Transports nutrients and oxygen to cells and wastes away
What does the skeletal system do
Supports body and protects brain heart and lungs
Muscular system do
Causes movement
Reproductive system do
Produces offspring
Nervous system do
Coordinates body via electrical impulses in nerves
Endocrine system do
Coordinates body via hormones released by endocrine glands
Define cell
The smallest and basic unit of all living organisms
Define tissue
An ensemble of similar cells from the same origins that carry out a specific function
Define organ
Collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function
Define organ system
Group of organs that work together to perform one or multiple tasks in which each does a particular jobs in the body
Define diffusion
Movement from a high concentration to a low concentration until particles are equally spread
Single cellular organised environment
Live in water or moist environments so they can obtain their needs easily from their surroundings directly by diffusion
Why can’t a multi cellular organise obtain it’s needs by diffusion
Have too closely packed cells which makes diffusion very difficult as well as the reduced surface area, plus not all multi cellular organisms live in water or moist environments.
What do multi cellular organisms do to obtain their needs
Rely on body systems such as the digestive system to extract the nutrients out of the food eaten and the circulatory system to supply the cells with the nutrients as well as oxygen and blood.
What happens if on organ or organ system breaks down and how does it affect other systems
Our organs / organs systems are interdependent. No other organ or system can perform the same role as the one that has broken down which then affects all the other systems in the human body
Example 1 of an organ system breaking down and its affect
A punctured lung from a car crash, resulting in the lungs not being able to inflate therefore the body cells may not receive a sufficient amount of oxygen to survive
Example 2 of an organ system breaking down and its affect
Breakage in your spinal chord may result in the nerves in your nervous system to sever. Muscles and organs below the breakage may not be able to receive messages from the brain allowing them the no longer function
Example 3 of an organ system breaking down and its affect
Endocrine system shuts down resulting in the spike of blood sugar (insulin) resulting in a coma affecting the brain causing it to shut down.
