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Science > cells > Flashcards

cells Flashcards

1
Q

cell discovery people

A

Robert Hooke

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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2
Q

(1665)

named cells from looking at once living organisms (cork)

A

Robert Hooke

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3
Q

1673
1st person to observe living cells
made microscopes

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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4
Q

cell theory people

A

Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow

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5
Q

cell theory

A
  • all living organisms are made up of one or more cells
  • cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism
  • cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells
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6
Q

cell function

A

structure dictates function

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7
Q

which is first: prokaryote or eukaryote?

A

prokaryote

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8
Q
  • smaller
  • have no membrane around organelle (such as nucleus)
  • fewer organelles
  • lack a nucleolus
  • usually has one circular chromosome containing DNA
  • reproduce by the process of binary fission
A

prokaryote

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9
Q

example of prokaryote

A

bacteria

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10
Q
  • are bigger
  • have membranes around their organelles
  • contains a nucleolus
  • have more chromosomes
  • have more organelles
  • reproduce by the process of mitosis or meiosis
A

eukaryote

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11
Q

examples of eukaryote

A

animal or plant cells

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12
Q

prokaryote: outermost layer

A

cell wall

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13
Q

prokaryote: just within the cell wall

A

cell membrane

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14
Q

prokaryote: along the surface; help the bacteria stick to surfaces

A

pilus

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15
Q

prokaryote: to move around; two large structures

A

flagella

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16
Q

prokaryote: watery interior of the cell; texture of jello

A

cytoplasm

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17
Q

prokaryote: sprinkled throughout the cell; small roundish structures; make proteins

A

ribosomes

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18
Q

circular structure within cytoplasm

A

DNA

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19
Q

trachea cells

A

redirect unwanted particles

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20
Q

adipose (fat) cell

A

-storage for extra material (energy)

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21
Q

bone cells

A

-sturdy, support heavy tissue

22
Q

muscle cells

A

-expand and contract

23
Q

nerve cells

A

-reach out to other cells to give information

24
Q

connective tissue cells

A

-join different types of tissue

25
Q

white blood cell

A

-grab various materials and surround them

26
Q

plant, animal, or both:

endoplasmic reticulum

A

both

27
Q 
plant, animal, or both:
nuclear envelope (nuclear membrane)
A

both

28
Q

plant, animal, or both:

lysosomes

A

animal

29
Q

plant, animal, or both:

chloroplasts

A

plants

30
Q

plant, animal, or both:

cell wall

A

plants

31
Q

plant, animal, or both:

vacuole

A

both

32
Q

plant, animal, or both:

golgi apparatus

A

both

33
Q

plant, animal, or both:

centrioles

A

animal

34
Q

plant, animal, or both:

cytoplasm

A

both

35
Q

plant, animal, or both:

nucleus

A

both

36
Q

plant, animal, or both:

mitochondria

A

both

37
Q

plant, animal, or both:

cell membrane

A

both

38
Q

prokaryote

A
  • oldest

- simplest of all the cells

39
Q

vacuole

in which type of cell is bigger and what’s its purpose?

A

plant cell

-holds structure (turgor pressure) and food and water

40
Q

control center of the cell

-stores the heredity information in DNA

A

nucleus

41
Q
  • gathers simple molecules to make more complex molecules

- takes complex molecules and packages them in vesicles and either stores them or sends them out

A

Golgi apparatus

42
Q

-converts energy from sunlight into cheical energy for the cell

A

chloroplasts

43
Q

semipermeable- allows certain things in and or out

A

cell membrane

44
Q

–contain digestive enzymes that break up molecules, old organelles, and foreign substances

A

lysosomes

45
Q
  • -region of the cell between the nucleus and cell membrane

- gello-like and clear

A

cytoplasm

46
Q
  • smooth: makes and transports lipids (fat)

- rough: prepares proteins for export

A

endoplasmic reticulum

47
Q

-allows certain things in and or out of the nucleus

A

nuclear envelope

48
Q

-direct the organelles that are involved with cell division where to go

A

centrioles

49
Q
  • protects the cell

- provides structure and support

A

cell wall

50
Q

-stores enzymes, metabolic, waste, and water

A

vacuole

51
Q

-transforms energy from organic compounds into ATP (chemical form of energy that the cell can use)

A

mitochondria

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