Cells Flashcards
Name the two types of cells
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
What are Prokaryotic cells?
singled-celled organisms with a simple structure of just a single undivided internal area called a cytoplasm (composed of Cytosol)
What are Eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have a membrane bound nucleus and cytoplasm which contains many membrane-bound components.
What do Metabolic reactions consist of?
Synthesis reactions and breaking down reactions.
What do membranes do?
membranes are selectively permeable and control the movement of substances into and out of the cell and organelles. Membranes are effective barriers in controlling which substances enter and exit the cell but they are fragile.
What does the nucleus contain
coded genetic info in the form of DNA.
What does DNA do
directs the synthesis pf all proteins required by the cell (protein synthesis)
Controls all metabolic activities.
What is the double membrane called that contains the DNA and what is its function?
The nuclear envelope and its function is to protect the DNA from damage in the cytoplasm.
What do the nuclear pores do?
Allow molecule to move into and out of the nucleus.
What protein does DNA associate with and what does it do?
DNA associates with Histones, which causes it to form a complex called Chromatin. Chromatin coils and condenses to form structures known as chromosomes.
What is the nucleolus?
The nucleolus is an area within the nucleus and is responsible for producing ribosomes.
What makes up the nucleolus?
Proteins and RNA
What does the RNA in the nucleolus form?
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) which is then combined with proteins to form ribosomes
What are the mitochondria?
The mitochondria are membrane-bund organelles. They are the site of the final stages of cellular respiration, and release the energy stored in the bonds of organic molecules.
What can the number of mitochondria in a cell show?
How active the cell is, by resembling how much it needs to respire.