Cells Flashcards
What is a prokaryote?
A prokaryote is a prokaryotic cell. It’s a single-celled organism. Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells include bacterial cells.
What are eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes are organisms that are made up of eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells are complex and include all animal and plant cells. Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells.
What is the function of the nucleus?
Contains genes that control the activities of the cell.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
A gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions.
What is the function of the mitochondria?
These are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work.
What is the function of the ribosomes?
These are where proteins are made in the cell.
What is the function of the cell wall?
A rigid structure made of cellulose. It supports and strengthens the cell. The cells of algae also have a rigid cell wall.
What is the functions of the chloroplasts?
These are where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll, which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis.
What is the function of the permanent vacuole?
Contains cell sap a weak solution of sugar and salts.
What subcellular structures does an animal cell have?
- Nucleus
- Cell Membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
What subcellular structures does a plant cell have?
- Nucleus
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
- Cell Wall
- Chloroplasts
- Permanent vacuole
What is the similarity between subcellular structures in animal and plant cells?
Plant cells have all the subcellular structures that an animal cell has, plus a few extra.
What subcellular structures does a bacterial cell have?
A bacterial cell has cytoplasm and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall. The cell does not have a ‘true’ nucleus instead it has a single circular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm. Bacterial cells may also contain one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids.
