cells Flashcards
The differences in the plant cell
- fixed shape
- has a cell wall
- large vacuole
- has chloroplast
The differences in the animal cell
- no fixed shape/flexible
- no cell wall
- absent vacuole/very small
- no chloroplast
What specialised cells
-these cells are adapted to perform a specific function
What is the function of a stem cell
- these cells have the ability to
- divide
- develop into different types of cells
What can stem develop into
- nerve cells
- muscles cells
- bone cells
What is the function of a muscle cell
-they contract and relax to enable movement
What is the function of a nerve cell
-transfer electrical impulses in the nerves and the spinal cord
What is the function of the red blood cells
-transport oxygen throughout the body
What is mechanical digestion
- physical process in which food is broken into smaller parts or pieces
- by tearing, pushing, mixing and crushing
what is chemical digestion
- crushed food is mixed with gastric juices and hydraulic acid
- that is converted into a liquid form for easy absorption
What are the parts of digestion
1-intake of food
2-chewing food
3-digestion
4-absorpation of nutrients are absorbed in the blood stream
5-transpotation of food to different parts of body
6-assimilation
7-Eqestion of wastes that have not been absorbed
What does the digestive tract consists of
- mouth
- oesophagus
- stomach
- liver
- pancreas
- small intestine
- colon
- rectum
- anus
What is the function of the stomach
- mechanical digestion
- chemical digestion
What is the function of the liver
- produces bile
- produces glycogen
What is the function of the small intestine
-main section where enzymes are added to the food
What are villi
-it is hair like outgrowth of approximately one millimetre found in the small intestine
If there is a shortage of carbohydrates then what are the health risks
-decrease in bodyweight
If there is a shortage of fats then what are the health risks
- kidney failure
- stunted growth
If there is a shortage of protein then what are the health risks
- kwashiorkor
- marasmus
- low resistance to illness
If there is a shortage of vitamins then what are the health risks
- night blindness
- scurvy
- rickets
If there is a shortage of minerals then what are the health risks
- anaemia
- muscle cramps
If there is a shortage of water then what are the health risks
- dehydration
- loss of water can lead to death
What is malnutrition
-is the shortage of one nutrient, but the excess of anther nutrient
