Cells Flashcards
Describe the structure and function of the nucleus.
The nucleus is enclosed in a double nuclear membrane, contains nuclear pores and DNA.
It provides the ‘code’ needed to make proteins which are used to build living organisms.
Describe the function and structure of the nucleolus.
The nucleolus is found in the nucleus and contains Ribosome Ribonucleic Acid (rRNA). It’s function is for the rRNA to produce ribosomes.
What is the function and structure of the cytoplasm (cytosol)?
The cytoplasm, also called the cytosol, is a jelly-like substance made of water and proteins in order to protect the cell organelles.
What does heterotrophic mean and give an example.
Animals are heterotrophic, meaning they can’t make their own energy and must eat food. Organic carbon from the food (glucose) is broken down and released into a process called cellular respiration.
Describe the function and structure of the Centriole.
Centrioles can only be found in animal cells and contains centrioles which together form centrosome. Plant cells only contain centrioles.
The centriole produces microtubules and during cell division the microtubules become spindle fibres and are used to separate DNA strands into two new cells.
Structure and function of a Golgi apparatus…
The Golgi Apparatus is a stack of membrane-bound vessels surrounding macromolecules which sends and packages vesicles towards the cell membrane and releases macromolecules into vessels.
Explain the function and structure of the cell membrane.
The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer (double layer) embedded with proteins that controls what materials enter the cell.
It is selectively permeable and holds the cell organelles together.
The function and structure of the mitochondria includes…
A double membrane (the outer is smooth and the inner is highly folded) which acts as the powerhouse of the cell, it’s the site at which glucose is broken down during cellular respiration to create animals.
What does DNA wrap around in order to compact?
Histone.
What does a vacuole do and how is it structured?
The vacuole is membrane bound sac that is large in plant cells but small in animal cells.
The vacuole stores waste products or nutrients and acts as an intercellular digestion.
Plant vacuoles regulate pressure by storing and releasing water to alter the rigidity of a plant.
Describe the function and structure of the cell wall.
The cell war is a rigid layer made of polysaccharides. It acts as a protective barrier and maintains the shape of the cell. It’s found only in plants.
What is the structure and function of the chloroplast?
The chloroplast is a double membrane containing chlorophyll that absorbs energy from sunlight and a major part in the process of photosynthesis.
What is the smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
The Smooth EndoPlasmic Reticulum is made of membrane vesicles and tubules. Smooth E R (SER) is associated with the production and metabolism of fats and steroid hormones.
Describe the function and structure of the Centriole.
Centrioles can only be found in animal cells and contains centrioles which together form centrosome. Plant cells only contain centrioles.
The centriole produces microtubules and during cell division the microtubules become spindle fibres and are used to separate DNA strands into two new cells.
Structure and function of a Golgi apparatus…
The Golgi Apparatus is a stack of membrane-bound vessels surrounding macromolecules which sends and packages vesicles towards the cell membrane and releases macromolecules into vessels.
