Cells

Question 1

Known as the building blocks of the human body, it is the smallest structural and functional unit that can exist as a self-sustaining entity.

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

how many cells are in the human body

Answer 2

about 75 to 100 trillion

Question 3

what is one on the smallest cells in the body

Answer 3

red blood cell

Question 4

what is one of the largest cells in the body

Answer 4

female sex cells/ovum (egg)

Question 5

the chemical building blocks that make up cells

Answer 5

elements

Question 6

examples; calcium, iron, iodine, sodium, potassium. Extremely important in cellular function

Answer 6

trace elements or minerals

Question 7

about what percentage of water makes up the cell

Answer 7

60 to 80%

Question 8

what is contained in a “typical” cell?

Answer 8

cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles

Question 9

a network of microfilaments and microtubules

Answer 9

cytoskeleton

Question 10

what does the cytoskeleton do?

Answer 10

scaffolding material to provide an internal structure to the cell, can also help substances move across the cell membrane.

Question 11

fingerlike projections on the lining of the GI tract to help increase its surface area which improves absorption of nutrients

Answer 11

microvili

Question 12

hairlike projections on the lining of the upper respiratory tract to help sweep contaminated mucus toward the throat so it can be swallowed

Answer 12

cilia

Question 13

whiplike solitary projection that provides cellular locomotion

Answer 13

flagellum

Question 14

this membrane seperates intracellular fluid from extracellular fluid

Answer 14

cell membrane

Question 15

function of the cell membrane

Answer 15

facilitates the exchange of nutrients and waste materials

Question 16

function of the cytoplasm

Answer 16

provides cellular nutrition and supports organelles

Question 17

function of organelles

Answer 17

carries out the maintenance and functions of the cell

Question 18

function of endoplasmic reticulum (roadways)

Answer 18

synthesizes proteins and lipids; metabolizes carbohydrates and steroids; regulates calcium concentration; protein transport

Question 19

function of ribosomes (protein factories)

Answer 19

synthesizes proteins

Question 20

function of golgi body (packing and shipping plants)

Answer 20

synthesizes proteins and lipids, packages them for delivery outside the cell

Question 21

function of mitochondrion (power plants)

Answer 21

site of cellular respiration; provides most of the cell’s ATP

Question 22

function of lysosome (garbage disposal)

Answer 22

englufs, destroys, and digests pathogens and cellular debris

Question 23

function of nucleus (control center)

Answer 23

directs most metabolic activities, including growth and reproduction; contains DNA and RNA