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Stage 1 Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define an independant variable

A

Something you measure. It will change

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2
Q

Define dependant variables

A

Things that must remain the same

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of living things

A

Move
Reproduce
Synthesise

Grow
Respire
Excrete
Nutrition

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4
Q

Define a cell

A

Smallest independent unit of life

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5
Q

Name the organelles of a plant cell

A 
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Golgi apparatus 
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
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6
Q

Name the organelles in an animal cell

A 
Golgi apparatus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Vacuole
Ribosome
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7
Q

List the differences between plant cells and animal cells

A

Plant has cell wall, animal does not
Plant cell has a squarish shape, animal cell rounder
Plant has chloroplast, animal does not
Plant cell has a large vacuole, animal cell has small vacuole

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8
Q

Define the cell membrane

A

Surrounds every cell and controls what enters and exits the cell.

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9
Q

What is the molecular formula of glucose

A

C6H12O6

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10
Q

Define diffusion

A

The passive movement of molecules along a concentration gradient from and area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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11
Q

Define passive

A

No energy needed

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12
Q

Define osmosis

A

The passive movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration

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13
Q

Define active transport

A

The active movement of molecules against a concentration gradient from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

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14
Q

Define autotrophs and heterotrophs

A

Autotrophs photosynthesise and make their own food.

Heterotrophs have to consume their food for energy

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15
Q

What does photosynthesise transform

A

Light energy to chemical energy

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16
Q

Where does aerobic resperation occur

A

In the mitochondria

17
Q

What is step one of aerobic respiration and what is its formula

A

Glycolysis
C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3 + 2ATP

*no oxygen

18
Q

What is the second step of aerobic respiration and what is its formula

A

Respiration

2C3H6O3 +6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP

19
Q

When does anaerobic respiration occur. Where does it occur and what is its formula

A

When no oxygen is present. It is also called fermentation
It occurs in the cytoplasm

C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3 + 2ATP
(Pyruvate) or lactic acid

20
Q

How do you set out a hypothesis

A

If the independent variable is changed, then the dependant variable will change

21
Q

Define an enzyme

A

Biological catalysts - they speed up chemical reactions in cells

22
Q

Name four characteristics of enzymes

A

Substrate specific - catalyse only one reaction
Temperature sensitive - work only in and certain temp range
pH sensitive - work only in a certain pH
Can be reused

23
Q

What are the storage organs of plants

A 
Tubers eg potatoes
Roots eg carrots
 Bulbs eg turnip, or garlic
Fleshy stalks eg celery, or rhubarb
Fleshy leaves eg spinach
24
Q

How do humans store energy

A

Glycogen in the liver (24 hours)

Fats -> excess glucose is turned into fats and stored

25
Q

What are the different factors of a metabolic rate

A 
Body composition
Sex
Age
Activity
Climate
26
Q

Define metabolism

A

The sum of the processes in a body. The overall energy requirements of an organism

27
Q

Define metabolic rate

A

A measure of energy consumption

28
Q

What is the formula for surface area

A

Surface area = LxWx6

29
Q

What is the formula for volume

A

Volume = LxWxH

30
Q

Finish this sentence

When the surface area is greater in ____ vs the volume, substances have ___________ to get out

A

Ratio

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Stage 1 Biology (2 decks)

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