Cells

Question 1

Eukaryote

Answer 1

• complex cells

- have complex internal organization, including a nucleus and many cell parts

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

• jelly like liquid that suspends organelles

- many chemical reactions take place here

Question 3

Cell membrane

Answer 3

-forms the outer barrier of the cells
-the membrane allows only certain substances to pass through such as food, water, oxygen, waste
Ex. City limits

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

-contains genetic information that controls cell activities
-genetic information is found within DNA which is in the form of chromosomes
Ex. City hall

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

-provides energy through cell respiration
-cell respiration is a process which uses oxygen to break down a food source called glucose and converts it to energy
Ex. Power plants

Question 6

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

• a system of interconnecting membrane tubes and pockets that can extend from the nucleus to the cell membrane
  -transports materials such as proteins through the cells
  Ex. Highways

Question 7

Golgi bodies

Answer 7

• stacked membrane sacs which collect and process materials to be removed from the cell
  ex. Mail service

Question 8

Vacuoles

Answer 8

• a single membrane sac which encloses a substance
• the vacuole can have various functions
  1) storage of food, water, or other materials
  2) the removal of substances from the cell
  For a plant - provides support for a plant
  -fills with water and pushes out on the cell walls

Question 9

Cell wall

Answer 9

• only in plant cells*

- rigid outer wall outside the cell membrane to provide structure and support

Question 10

Chloroplast

Answer 10

• only in plant cells*
• carry out photosynthesis
• contain the green pigment chlorophyll which captures sunlight energy and uses it to turn carbon dioxide & water into food

Question 11

Ribosomes

Answer 11

• protein factories

- They can be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or just float freely in the cytoplasm

Question 12

Lysosomes

Answer 12

• only in an animal cells*

- vacuoles filled with digestive enzymes which break down food or recycle substances

Question 13

Centrioles

Answer 13

-star shaped structures which help in cell-division

Question 14

Flagellum

Answer 14

-tail-like whip that rotates in order to help a cell move from place to place

Ex. Sperm

Question 15

Ciliam

Answer 15

• hair-like structures which helps to make a cell or move things past a cell

Question 16

Activities that cells must carry out in order for cells to live

Answer 16

• obtaining and using energy
• storing and transporting materials
• reproducing
• in eukaryotic cells, these jobs are carried out by specialized cells parts called organelles

Question 17

Prokaryote

Answer 17

Simple cell
Lack of nucleus and other advanced cell parts
Example- single felled bacteria

Question 18

Interphase

Answer 18

-the longest phase within the cell cycle