Cells Flashcards
The DNA of a chromosome carries information the determines the structure and function of what?
Proteins
What are the raw materials of photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide and Water
What are the limiting factors that will limit the rate of photosynthesis?
Light, Carbon Dioxide and Temperature
What can sugar be used for in a plant?
- stored as starch and converted back to sugar when needed
- immediately used for Photosynthesis
- used for building materials (eg. Cellulose)
What is the process called where oxygen enters cells?
Diffusion
What is osmosis?
When water molecules go from a high water concentration to a low water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane
What is Active Transport and does it require energy?
It is when molecules move from a low water concentration to a high concentration
• and does require energy
Name the substances X and Y and what is this reaction called?
Glucose –> X –> Carbon Dioxide + Y + 38ATP
X- Pyruvate
Y- Water
Aerobic Resperation in Animals
What is the equation for Fermentation in Animals?
Glucose –> Pyruvate –> Lactic Acid
ADP+Pi -> ATP
What two components make up the cell membrane?
Proteins and lipids
What is stage 1 of Photosynthesis called? And what is its equation?
The Light Reaction
Light–>Chlorophyll–>Chemical Energy
ADP+Pi-> ATP Water->Hydrogen
Oxygen-> Diffuses into air
What is stage 2 of photosynthesis called?
Carbon Fixation
What happenes in an experiment if the plant is kept in well lit conditions?
Bubbles of oxygen
Why do plants need photosynthesis?
To make food
The variety of protiens is due to what?
The sequence of amino acids which are determined by the order of Bateson the DNA
What functions can protiens have?
- They have an important structural function in the cell membranes
- Act as Receptors
- Act as Enzymes
- Functions as Hormones
- Produce Antibodies
What is mRNA?
It is a molecule that carried a copy of the code from the DNA
What is the process of cell devision called? Why is it required?
Mitosis for growth and repair of cells
What is chlorophyll used for?
is the molecule that absorbs sunlight and uses its energy to synthesise carbohydrates from CO2 and water.
If a cell has become plasmolysed how can it be restored?
By putting it into pure water
What are the basic units that make up protiens?
Amino Acids
In cells protiens are reassembled in the…
Ribosomes
What is the molecule RNA used for?
To copy a complementary copy of the code from the DNA
What process where enzymes are involved in the formation of complex molecules from two or more simpler ones?
Synthesis
What is an enzyme?
A protein molecule which is made by all living cells
Transgenenic crops are produced when the plants..
Contain genes from another organism
In the chloroplast…
Light energy is converted into chemical energy
Respiration is…
The release of the energy stored in food
