Cells Flashcards

1
Q

The DNA of a chromosome carries information the determines the structure and function of what?

A

Proteins

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2
Q

What are the raw materials of photosynthesis?

A

Carbon Dioxide and Water

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3
Q

What are the limiting factors that will limit the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Light, Carbon Dioxide and Temperature

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4
Q

What can sugar be used for in a plant?

A
  • stored as starch and converted back to sugar when needed
  • immediately used for Photosynthesis
  • used for building materials (eg. Cellulose)
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5
Q

What is the process called where oxygen enters cells?

A

Diffusion

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6
Q

What is osmosis?

A

When water molecules go from a high water concentration to a low water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

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7
Q

What is Active Transport and does it require energy?

A

It is when molecules move from a low water concentration to a high concentration

• and does require energy

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8
Q

Name the substances X and Y and what is this reaction called?

Glucose –> X –> Carbon Dioxide + Y + 38ATP

A

X- Pyruvate
Y- Water

Aerobic Resperation in Animals

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9
Q

What is the equation for Fermentation in Animals?

A

Glucose –> Pyruvate –> Lactic Acid

ADP+Pi -> ATP

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10
Q

What two components make up the cell membrane?

A

Proteins and lipids

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11
Q

What is stage 1 of Photosynthesis called? And what is its equation?

A

The Light Reaction

Light–>Chlorophyll–>Chemical Energy

ADP+Pi-> ATP Water->Hydrogen

Oxygen-> Diffuses into air

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12
Q

What is stage 2 of photosynthesis called?

A

Carbon Fixation

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13
Q

What happenes in an experiment if the plant is kept in well lit conditions?

A

Bubbles of oxygen

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14
Q

Why do plants need photosynthesis?

A

To make food

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15
Q

The variety of protiens is due to what?

A

The sequence of amino acids which are determined by the order of Bateson the DNA

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16
Q

What functions can protiens have?

A
  • They have an important structural function in the cell membranes
  • Act as Receptors
  • Act as Enzymes
  • Functions as Hormones
  • Produce Antibodies
17
Q

What is mRNA?

A

It is a molecule that carried a copy of the code from the DNA

18
Q

What is the process of cell devision called? Why is it required?

A

Mitosis for growth and repair of cells

19
Q

What is chlorophyll used for?

A

is the molecule that absorbs sunlight and uses its energy to synthesise carbohydrates from CO2 and water.

20
Q

If a cell has become plasmolysed how can it be restored?

A

By putting it into pure water

21
Q

What are the basic units that make up protiens?

A

Amino Acids

22
Q

In cells protiens are reassembled in the…

23
Q

What is the molecule RNA used for?

A

To copy a complementary copy of the code from the DNA

24
Q

What process where enzymes are involved in the formation of complex molecules from two or more simpler ones?

25
What is an enzyme?
A protein molecule which is made by all living cells
26
Transgenenic crops are produced when the plants..
Contain genes from another organism
27
In the chloroplast...
Light energy is converted into chemical energy
28
Respiration is...
The release of the energy stored in food