cells Flashcards
2 major division of cells are :
describe the second type:
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
eukaryotic have nucleus with membrane bound DNA, specialized organelles, a plasma membrane
cell membrane function:
separates cell from the outside, allows each organelle to act differently
controls what enters and leaves the cell
allows for communication between cells
phospholipid bilayer:
a hydrophilic phosphate head, attached to a hydrophobic fatty acid tail, creates a bilayer
fluid membrane, selectively permeable
transport protein types and functions:
integral proteins: helps with transport across the membrane
peripheral proteins: cell to cell recognition
cholesterol
in membrane
cell reproduction
Binary Fission
what happens when cell membrane are added to water?
tails want to face in, heads out
cell communications: Gap junctions
an extension of the cell membrane for communication with another cell
why are cells so small?
the surface area to volume ratio requires them to be small
the volume= cytoplasm , demands nutrients produces waste
Microvilli
Microvilli increase surface area of the cell
Passive Transport
uses no energy, goes from high to low concentrate
active transport
uses energy, goes from low to high concentrate
Diffusion
particles spreading out from an area of high concentration to low
Facilitated diffusion
no energy used, high to low concentration using carrier proteins
Osmosis
the diffusion of water from high to low concentration
