Cells Flashcards
Description and function of cell wall
Rigid structure that surrounds plant cells, made of the carbohydrate cellulose
Supports plant cells
Plasma membrane description and function
Found on the surface of animal cells and inside the cell wall of plant cells and prokaryotic cells. Made of lipids and protein.
Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell. Also has receptor molecules on it which allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones.
Description and function of the nucleus
Large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope(double membrane) which contains many pores. The nucleus contains chromatin and often a structure called the nucleolus.
Chromatin is made of protein and DNA(controls the cells activities) the pores allow the substance to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleus makes ribosomes.
Description and function of a lysosome
A round organelle surrounded by a membrane with no clear internal structure
Contains digestive enzymes which are kept separate separate from the cytoplasm by the surrounding membrane and can be used to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cell.
Ribosome description and function
Small organelle that either floats free or attaches to rough er
Site where proteins are made
Structure and function of rough er
A system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space; the surface covered by rough er
Folds and processes proteins that have been made by ribosomes
Structure and Function of smooth er
System of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space
Synthesises and processes lipids( remember these are smooth like brothers lips)
Structure and function of vesicle
Small fluid filled sac in the cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane
Transports substances in and out of the cell and between organelles. Some formed by Golgi apparatus or er while others are formed at the cell surface
Structure and function of Golgi apparatus
Group of fluid filled flattened sacs. Vesicles often seen at the edges of these sacs
Processes and packages lipids and proteins and also makes lysosomes
Structure and function of mitochondria
Oval shaped with a double membrane, inter membrane folded to form cristae inside is the matrix which contains enzymes involved in respiration.
Site of aerobic respiration and where ATP is produced, they are found in large numbers in cells that are very active and require a lot of energy
Structure and function of a chloroplast
Small flattened structure found in plant cells, surrounded by a double membrane and has thylakoid membranes inside. These membranes are staked up in some plants of the chloroplast to form grana. Grana are linked together by lamellae which are thin flat pieces of thylakoid membranes.
The site where photosynthesis takes place. Some parts of photosynthesis happen in the grana and other parts happen in the stroma(a thick fluid found in cholorplasts)
Structure and function of a centriole
Small hollow cylinders containing a ring of micro tubules(tiny protein cylinders)
Involves with the separation of chromosomes during cell division( think of all the cylinders dividing)
Structure and function of cilia
Small hair like structures found on the surface of some animal cells, in cross section they have a outer membrane an a ring of nine pairs of protein micro tubules inside with a single pair of microtubules in the middle.
Microtubules allow cilia to move, the movement is used by the cell to move substances along the cell surface.
Structure and function of flagella
Like cilia but longer. They stick out from the cell surface and are surrounded by the plasma membrane, inside they are like cilia too.
The microtubules contract to make the flagellum move. Flagella are used like outboard motors to propel cells forward e.g. Sperm cells.
What is in cytoplasm and the cytoskeleton
Network of protein threads running through it called cytoskeleton
