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Science 7 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

0
Q

_______ saw openings in the corks and called them cells.

A

Robert Hooke

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1
Q

_____ enable us to see the tiny basic units of all living things.

A

Microscopes

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2
Q

Who realized that plant and animal cells are similar?

A

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann

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3
Q

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

A

All living things are made of one or more cells.
The cell is the smallest unit of life.
All new cells come from preexisting cells.

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4
Q

__________ form when many small molecules join.

A

Macro-molecules

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5
Q

Main ingredient of cells:

A

Water

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6
Q

water molecules do what to other substances

A

dissolve

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7
Q

Four types of macro-molecules

A

nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbs

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8
Q

Nucleic acids are long chains of ______.

A

nucleotides

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9
Q

Nucleic Acids contain the cell’s ______

A

genetic information

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10
Q

Proteins are long chains of ______

A

amino acids

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11
Q

what is a lipid

A

a large macromolecule that doesn’t dissolve in water

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12
Q

lipids play important roles as _______ in cells

hint: not dissolving in water is helpful

A

barriers

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13
Q

sugar molecules (one, two, or long chains) make up _______

A

carbohydrates

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14
Q

Carbohydrates do what two things?

A

Store energy and communicate between cells.

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15
Q

Match the scientist to the cell
Schleiden
Schwann

animal
plant

A

Schleiden-plant

Schwann-animal

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16
Q

Rudolf Virchow did what?

A

suggest all cells come from preexisting cells

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17
Q

What is the difference between flagella and cilia?

A

Flagella is like a tail, cilia are like hairs

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18
Q

What are flagella and cilia used for?

A

Movement (mostly)

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19
Q

Name something cytoplasm contains.

A

salt

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20
Q

what are the two types of cells (not animal or plant)

A

Eukaryotic (Yoo-kair-y-otik) and prokaryotic

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21
Q

prokaryotics do or do not have membranes surrounding their nucleus.

A

Do not have a membrane surronding the nucleus

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22
Q

What are organelles?

A

Specialized structures in a cell to perform functions

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23
Q

what is cell fuel?

A

ATP

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24
Q

compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic

3 for pro, eu, and 4 for both

A 
Pro-bacteria
not many cell parts
genetic material has no membrane
Eu-make up plants, animals, fungi, protist
genetic material surrounded by membrane
membrane surrounded organelles
both-some have cell wall
have cytoplasm
have cell membrane
have cytoskeleton
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25
Q

make sure you know what each organelle looks like

A

can’t do that here. find a worksheet or something

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26
Q

Cell membrane

A

protects, controls enter and exit of materials, contains cell

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27
Q

nucleus

A

hold genetic material, command center

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28
Q

nulcleolus

A

makes ribosomes

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29
Q

mitochondria

A

release energy, “powerhouse”

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30
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

looks like a stack of pancakes, packages proteins into vesicles

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31
Q

ribosomes

A

make protein, on rough ER

32
Q

vesicles

A

transport enzymes and proteins

33
Q

Lysosomes

A

animal only, break down molecules

34
Q

Smooth ER

A

removes waste

35
Q

Rough ER

A

makes proteins

36
Q

What does ER stand for?

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

37
Q

Cytoplasm

A

fluid that fills cell, most reactions and work occur there, contains salt

38
Q

chloroplasts

A

produces food, photosynthesis, contains green chlorophyll, plant only

39
Q

CENTRAL vacuole

A

Plant only (animals have small, spread vacuoles); store water, food and waste; helps with turgor pressure

40
Q

What is turgor pressure?

A

Water pressure to keep plants upright

41
Q

cell wall

A

Plant only, protects cell

42
Q

nuclear membrane

A

separates nucleus from cytoplasm, controls what enters and exits the nucleus

43
Q

cytoskeleton

A

controls cell shape, organization, and movement

44
Q

what are microtubules?

A

what cytoskeleton is made of

45
Q

genetic material

A

tells cell what to do, how to do it, and when.

46
Q

Most cells in an organism go through a cycle called ______ (multi-word)

A

a cell cycle

47
Q

name the two phases and what each are

A

Interphase-growth and preparation for division

Mitosis-cell division

48
Q

which phase takes up most of cell cycle

A

Interphase

49
Q

During interphase, DNA is called_______

A

chromatin

50
Q

Begins with rapid growth. This is called:

A

G1 stage

51
Q

second, cell replicates strands of chromatin. This is called:

A

S Stage

52
Q

two indentical strands of DNA are called:

A

Sister chromatids

53
Q

NOT IMPORTANT: what do stages stand for?

A

Gap 1, Synthesis, Gap 2

54
Q

A stage of final preparation and growth before mitosis

A

G2 stage

55
Q

What is the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?

A

mitosis is the split of the nucleus, cytokinesis is the split of cytoplasm.

56
Q

what are the names of the new cells from mitosis and cytokinesis?

A

daughter cells

57
Q

In animal cells, a ____ gets deeper and depper until the cell membrane comes together to divide the cell.

A

furrow

58
Q

in plant cells, a _____ (multiword) grows outward toward a new cell wall until two new cells form.

A

cell plate

59
Q

True or False: The original cell no longer exists.

A

True.

60
Q

How many daughter cells are made in meiosis?

A

4

61
Q

female sex cell

A

egg

62
Q

male sex cell

A

sperm

63
Q

egg cell and sperm cell unite in____

A

fertilization

64
Q

what kind of cell have pairs of chromosomes?

A

diploid

65
Q

Homologous chromosomes are what?

A

pairs of chromosomes that have genes for the same traits arranged in the same order

66
Q

Haploid cells have

A

only one chromosome from each pair

67
Q

Meiosis has _ divisions of nucleus and cytoplasm

A

2

68
Q

Meiosis creates genetic variation by producing ____ _____

A

haploid cells

69
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of sexual reporduction

A

Adv,
Variation is good if environment changes, selective breeding is used to create perfect anumals and plants
dis,
have to develop before they can reproduce, searching for a mate takes time and energy

70
Q

The Cell Cycle

A

growth, development, and division

71
Q

Prophase

A

nuclear membrane disappears, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, spindle fibers form, centrioles move to poles

72
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.

73
Q

Anaphase

A

The chromosomes/homologous pairs split and move to opposite sides of the cell, cell begins to stretch

74
Q

Telophase

A

nuclear membrane reforms, chromosomes recondense into chromatin, cells are almost split

75
Q

What is interkinesis?

A

A short interphase inbetween meiosis I and II

76
Q

Match division with outcomes:
Meiosis
Mitosis

Unique
Identical

Four
Two

A

Mitosis, Identical, Two

Meiosis, Unique, Four

77
Q

What is crossing over?

A

Pieces of homologous chromosomes switch places during prophase I

Science 7 (6 decks)

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