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Science 7 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

(78 cards)

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0
Q

_______ saw openings in the corks and called them cells.

A

Robert Hooke

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1
Q

_____ enable us to see the tiny basic units of all living things.

A

Microscopes

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2
Q

Who realized that plant and animal cells are similar?

A

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann

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3
Q

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

A

All living things are made of one or more cells.
The cell is the smallest unit of life.
All new cells come from preexisting cells.

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4
Q

__________ form when many small molecules join.

A

Macro-molecules

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5
Q

Main ingredient of cells:

A

Water

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6
Q

water molecules do what to other substances

A

dissolve

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7
Q

Four types of macro-molecules

A

nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbs

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8
Q

Nucleic acids are long chains of ______.

A

nucleotides

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9
Q

Nucleic Acids contain the cell’s ______

A

genetic information

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10
Q

Proteins are long chains of ______

A

amino acids

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11
Q

what is a lipid

A

a large macromolecule that doesn’t dissolve in water

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12
Q

lipids play important roles as _______ in cells

hint: not dissolving in water is helpful

A

barriers

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13
Q

sugar molecules (one, two, or long chains) make up _______

A

carbohydrates

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14
Q

Carbohydrates do what two things?

A

Store energy and communicate between cells.

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15
Q

Match the scientist to the cell
Schleiden
Schwann

animal
plant

A

Schleiden-plant

Schwann-animal

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16
Q

Rudolf Virchow did what?

A

suggest all cells come from preexisting cells

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17
Q

What is the difference between flagella and cilia?

A

Flagella is like a tail, cilia are like hairs

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18
Q

What are flagella and cilia used for?

A

Movement (mostly)

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19
Q

Name something cytoplasm contains.

A

salt

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20
Q

what are the two types of cells (not animal or plant)

A

Eukaryotic (Yoo-kair-y-otik) and prokaryotic

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21
Q

prokaryotics do or do not have membranes surrounding their nucleus.

A

Do not have a membrane surronding the nucleus

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22
Q

What are organelles?

A

Specialized structures in a cell to perform functions

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23
Q

what is cell fuel?

A

ATP

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24
compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic | 3 for pro, eu, and 4 for both
``` Pro-bacteria not many cell parts genetic material has no membrane Eu-make up plants, animals, fungi, protist genetic material surrounded by membrane membrane surrounded organelles both-some have cell wall have cytoplasm have cell membrane have cytoskeleton ```
25
make sure you know what each organelle looks like
can't do that here. find a worksheet or something
26
Cell membrane
protects, controls enter and exit of materials, contains cell
27
nucleus
hold genetic material, command center
28
nulcleolus
makes ribosomes
29
mitochondria
release energy, "powerhouse"
30
Golgi apparatus
looks like a stack of pancakes, packages proteins into vesicles
31
ribosomes
make protein, on rough ER
32
vesicles
transport enzymes and proteins
33
Lysosomes
animal only, break down molecules
34
Smooth ER
removes waste
35
Rough ER
makes proteins
36
What does ER stand for?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
37
Cytoplasm
fluid that fills cell, most reactions and work occur there, contains salt
38
chloroplasts
produces food, photosynthesis, contains green chlorophyll, plant only
39
CENTRAL vacuole
Plant only (animals have small, spread vacuoles); store water, food and waste; helps with turgor pressure
40
What is turgor pressure?
Water pressure to keep plants upright
41
cell wall
Plant only, protects cell
42
nuclear membrane
separates nucleus from cytoplasm, controls what enters and exits the nucleus
43
cytoskeleton
controls cell shape, organization, and movement
44
what are microtubules?
what cytoskeleton is made of
45
genetic material
tells cell what to do, how to do it, and when.
46
Most cells in an organism go through a cycle called ______ (multi-word)
a cell cycle
47
name the two phases and what each are
Interphase-growth and preparation for division | Mitosis-cell division
48
which phase takes up most of cell cycle
Interphase
49
During interphase, DNA is called_______
chromatin
50
Begins with rapid growth. This is called:
G1 stage
51
second, cell replicates strands of chromatin. This is called:
S Stage
52
two indentical strands of DNA are called:
Sister chromatids
53
NOT IMPORTANT: what do stages stand for?
Gap 1, Synthesis, Gap 2
54
A stage of final preparation and growth before mitosis
G2 stage
55
What is the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?
mitosis is the split of the nucleus, cytokinesis is the split of cytoplasm.
56
what are the names of the new cells from mitosis and cytokinesis?
daughter cells
57
In animal cells, a ____ gets deeper and depper until the cell membrane comes together to divide the cell.
furrow
58
in plant cells, a _____ (multiword) grows outward toward a new cell wall until two new cells form.
cell plate
59
True or False: The original cell no longer exists.
True.
60
How many daughter cells are made in meiosis?
4
61
female sex cell
egg
62
male sex cell
sperm
63
egg cell and sperm cell unite in____
fertilization
64
what kind of cell have pairs of chromosomes?
diploid
65
Homologous chromosomes are what?
pairs of chromosomes that have genes for the same traits arranged in the same order
66
Haploid cells have
only one chromosome from each pair
67
Meiosis has _ divisions of nucleus and cytoplasm
2
68
Meiosis creates genetic variation by producing ____ _____
haploid cells
69
Advantages and disadvantages of sexual reporduction
Adv, Variation is good if environment changes, selective breeding is used to create perfect anumals and plants dis, have to develop before they can reproduce, searching for a mate takes time and energy
70
The Cell Cycle
growth, development, and division
71
Prophase
nuclear membrane disappears, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, spindle fibers form, centrioles move to poles
72
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.
73
Anaphase
The chromosomes/homologous pairs split and move to opposite sides of the cell, cell begins to stretch
74
Telophase
nuclear membrane reforms, chromosomes recondense into chromatin, cells are almost split
75
What is interkinesis?
A short interphase inbetween meiosis I and II
76
Match division with outcomes: Meiosis Mitosis Unique Identical Four Two
Mitosis, Identical, Two | Meiosis, Unique, Four
77
What is crossing over?
Pieces of homologous chromosomes switch places during prophase I

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