Cells

Question 1

Features of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 1

Ribosomes, cell wall, DNA is a single circular strand, no membrane-bound organelles and is of a small size

Question 2

Features of a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 2

Ribosomes, cell wall present in plant and fungal cells, DNA is arranged in threadlike strands called chromosomes, several kinds of membrane-bound organelles (nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondrion) and the cell size is usually larger than prokaryotic cells.

Question 3

All eukaryotic cells contain:

Answer 3

Nucleus with nucleolus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, cytoskeleton, plasma membrane and vacuole.

Question 4

In eukaryotic cells, only plant cells contain:

Answer 4

A cell wall, a large vacuole, chloroplasts and a few have centrioles.

Question 5

In eukaryotic cells, only animal cells contain:

Answer 5

Centrioles.

Question 6

Nucleus:

Answer 6

Contains the DNA molecules coding for the production of the cell’s proteins, which have key roles in cellular activity.

Question 7

Rough endoplasmic reticulum:

Answer 7

Network of flattened tubes with a large surface area and studded with ribosomes. It produces more membrane and modifies proteins for transport to the other organelles or secretion by the cell.

Question 8

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum:

Answer 8

Endoplasmic reticulum lacking ribosomes and producing lipids for use by the cell or for secretion.

Question 9

Golgi apparatus:

Answer 9

A layer of flattened sacs that receives substances synthesised in the rough or smooth endoplasmic reticulum, modifies them and prepares them for transport to various destinations.

Question 10

Lysosomes:

Answer 10

Organelles arising from the Golgi apparatus or endoplasmic reticulum that contain enzymes that break down food particles and recycle damaged organelles. They also play a role in controlled death, or apoptosis, which is important throughout development.

Question 11

Vacuoles:

Answer 11

Membranous sacs storing chemicals, wastes or nutrients, or assisting in osmoregulation.

Question 12

Chloroplasts:

Answer 12

Converts solar energy (light energy from the sun) into chemical energy in sugar molecules in the process of photosynthesis.

Question 13

Mitochondrion:

Answer 13

Converts the chemical energy of organic molecules such as sugars into the chemical energy of the molecule ATP (adenosine triphosphate) that then powers work within the cell. Oxygen is required for this process, called aerobic respiration.

Question 14

Ribosomes:

Answer 14

Assemble proteins following instructions encoded in the DNA in the nucleus.

Question 15

What are the 3 central concepts of the cell theory?

Answer 15

1) all living things are composed of one or more cells
2) all the biochemical processes of life occur within cells
3) all new cells arise from pre-existing cells by cell division

Question 16

List the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis:

Answer 16

INPUTS: CO2, water and light energy
OUTPUTS: oxygen and organic compounds

Question 17

List the inputs and outputs of respiration:

Answer 17

INPUTS: O2 and organic compounds
OUTPUTS: CO2, water and ATP