Cells Flashcards
What is the centrosome
The region where the cells micro tubules are initiated; contains a pair of centrioles
What is the role of a Flagellum?
Motility structure present in some animal cells, composed of a cluster of micro tubules within an extension of the plasma membrane
What does the cytoskeleton do?
Reinforces cells shape; functions in cell movement; components are made of protein
What are the parts of the cytoskeleton?
Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
What are microvilli?
Projections that increase the cells surface area
What are the specialised metabolic functions of the peroxisome?
Produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product, then converts it to water
What is the mitochondrion?
Organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated
A lysosome is a…
Digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolysed
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
It is active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products
What are ribosomes?
Small brown dot complexes that make proteins, free in cytosol or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope
The plasma membrane…
The membrane that encloses the cell
What does chromatin consist of?
DNA, proteins, visible in a dividing cell as individual condensed chromosomes
A nucleolus is…
A nonmembranous structure involved in production of ribosomes; a nucleus has one or more nucleoli
A nuclear envelope is a…
Double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores; continuous with ER
What is an endoplasmic reticulum?
A network of membranous sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes; has rough and smooth regions
What is a chloroplast?
A photosynthetic organelle which converts energy to sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules
What are the functions of the vacuole?
Include storage, breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules, enlargement if vacuole is a major mechanism of plant growth
What are plasmodesmata?
Cytoplasmic channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells
What is the role of the cell wall?
It’s the outer layer that maintains cells shape and protects cell from maniacal damage; made of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and protein.
What are in plant cells that are not in animal cells?
Chloroplasts, central vacuole, cell walls and plasmodesmata
What are in animal cells but not plant cells?
Lysosomes, centrosomes, with centrioles and flagella
