cells 1A

Question 1

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 1

cell that has a nucleus found in animal, plants and fungi

Question 2

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 2

Cell that has no nucleus found in bacteria

Question 3

what are the parts of a cell called?

Answer 3

cell organelles

Question 4

name the 5 things found in a eukaryotic animal cell

Answer 4

ribosomes
nucleus
mitochondria
cell membrane
cytoplasm

Question 5

name the 8 things found in a eukaryotic plant cell

Answer 5

ribosomes
nucleus
mitochondria
cell membrane
cytoplasm
permanent vacuole
chloroplasts
cell wall

Question 6

what is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 6

controls the cell; contains the genetic material ( made of DNA, arranged in chromosomes )

Question 7

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 7

controls what can enter and leave the cell

Question 8

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 8

supports the cell and strenghtens it

Question 9

What is the function of the ribosomes?

Answer 9

the place where proteins are made through the process of translation

Question 10

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 10

where aerobic respiration takes place

Question 11

What is the function of the chloroplasts

Answer 11

where photosynthesis takes place

Question 12

What is the function of the permanent vacuole?

Answer 12

keeps the plant cell firm or turgid

Question 13

name the 7 things found in a prokaryotic bacteria cell

Answer 13

circular DNA loop
ribosomes
cell wall
cell membrane
flagellum
plasmid DNA
cytoplasm

Question 14

what is the function of the DNA loop

Answer 14

Contains genetic material

Question 15

what is the function of the plasmid?

Answer 15

Small loops of extra DNA that contain genes for features such as drug resistance.
They can be passed between bacteria

Question 16

what is the function of the flagellum?

Answer 16

This allows movement

Question 17

Symbol
m
mm
um
nm

Answer 17

name
metre
millimetre
micrometre
nanometre

Question 18

what is the first type of cells in the developing embryo?

Answer 18

Unspecialised cells / stem cell

Question 19

name the 4 cells that a stem cell can differentiate into

Answer 19

red blood cell
nerve cell
muscle cell
sperm cell

Question 20

What do mature stem cells do?

Answer 20

Mainly to repair and replacement

Question 21

how is a plant stem cell different to an animal stem cell?

Answer 21

retain the ability to differentiate throughout life.
called meristems cells

Question 22

what 3 different cells can a meristems cell differentiate into?

Answer 22

leaf cell
root hair cell
sieve cell

Question 23

Magnification definition

Answer 23

How many times larger the image is than the real object

Question 24

Resolution definition

Answer 24

The shortest distance between two parts of a specimen that can be seen as two distinctly separate points

Question 25

Light microscopes definition

Answer 25

sees - light focuses - lenses colour of image - colour low magnification low resolution can view living specimens

Question 26

electron microscopes definition

Answer 26

sees - beam of electrons focuses - electromagnets colour of image - black + white high magnification high resolution cant view living specimens

Question 27

work out magnification

Answer 27

image size / Actual size

Question 28

why do cells divide?

Answer 28

Mitosis - growth - identical clones - repair and replacement meiosis - sexual reproduction

Question 29

the cell cycle

Answer 29

inter phase - cell does its job - the cell gets bigger mitosis - nucleus divides cytokineses - cell divides into 2 identical cells

Question 30

what is a stem cell?

Answer 30

an undifferentiated cell of an organism which is capable of: - Dividing to make more stem cells - Differentiating into other (specialised) cell types