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GCSE BIOLOGY > cells 1A > Flashcards

cells 1A Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A

cell that has a nucleus found in animal, plants and fungi

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2
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A

Cell that has no nucleus found in bacteria

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3
Q

what are the parts of a cell called?

A

cell organelles

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4
Q

name the 5 things found in a eukaryotic animal cell

A

ribosomes
nucleus
mitochondria
cell membrane
cytoplasm

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5
Q

name the 8 things found in a eukaryotic plant cell

A

ribosomes
nucleus
mitochondria
cell membrane
cytoplasm
permanent vacuole
chloroplasts
cell wall

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6
Q

what is the function of the nucleus?

A

controls the cell; contains the genetic material ( made of DNA, arranged in chromosomes )

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7
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

controls what can enter and leave the cell

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8
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

supports the cell and strenghtens it

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9
Q

What is the function of the ribosomes?

A

the place where proteins are made through the process of translation

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10
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

where aerobic respiration takes place

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11
Q

What is the function of the chloroplasts

A

where photosynthesis takes place

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12
Q

What is the function of the permanent vacuole?

A

keeps the plant cell firm or turgid

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13
Q

name the 7 things found in a prokaryotic bacteria cell

A

circular DNA loop
ribosomes
cell wall
cell membrane
flagellum
plasmid DNA
cytoplasm

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14
Q

what is the function of the DNA loop

A

Contains genetic material

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15
Q

what is the function of the plasmid?

A

Small loops of extra DNA that contain genes for features such as drug resistance.
They can be passed between bacteria

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16
Q

what is the function of the flagellum?

A

This allows movement

17
Q

Symbol
m
mm
um
nm

A

name
metre
millimetre
micrometre
nanometre

18
Q

what is the first type of cells in the developing embryo?

A

Unspecialised cells / stem cell

19
Q

name the 4 cells that a stem cell can differentiate into

A

red blood cell
nerve cell
muscle cell
sperm cell

20
Q

What do mature stem cells do?

A

Mainly to repair and replacement

21
Q

how is a plant stem cell different to an animal stem cell?

A

retain the ability to differentiate throughout life.
called meristems cells

22
Q

what 3 different cells can a meristems cell differentiate into?

A

leaf cell
root hair cell
sieve cell

23
Q

Magnification definition

A

How many times larger the image is than the real object

24
Q

Resolution definition

A

The shortest distance between two parts of a specimen that can be seen as two distinctly separate points

25
Q

Light microscopes definition

A

sees - light
focuses - lenses
colour of image - colour
low magnification
low resolution
can view living specimens

26
Q

electron microscopes definition

A

sees - beam of electrons
focuses - electromagnets
colour of image - black + white
high magnification
high resolution
cant view living specimens

27
Q

work out magnification

A

image size / Actual size

28
Q

why do cells divide?

A

Mitosis
- growth
- identical clones
- repair and replacement
meiosis
- sexual reproduction

29
Q

the cell cycle

A

inter phase
- cell does its job
- the cell gets bigger
mitosis
- nucleus divides
cytokineses
- cell divides into 2 identical cells

30
Q

what is a stem cell?

A

an undifferentiated cell of an organism which is capable of:
- Dividing to make more
stem cells
- Differentiating into other
(specialised) cell types

GCSE BIOLOGY (2 decks)

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