Cells Flashcards
The smallest units of life
What is the main difference between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, while animal cells do not.
True or False: Both plant and animal cells have a nucleus.
True
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the powerhouse of the cell.
mitochondria
What structure is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
Chloroplasts
Name one type of cell that is prokaryotic.
Bacteria
What is the jelly-like substance inside a cell called?
Cytoplasm
Which organelle is known as the ‘control center’ of the cell?
Nucleus
True or False: Amoeba are multicellular organisms.
False
What type of cell lacks a true nucleus?
Prokaryotic cell
Which part of the cell regulates what enters and exits the cell?
Cell membrane
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT found in plant cells? A) Cell wall B) Chloroplast C) Lysosome D) Vacuole
C) Lysosome
What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?
Protein synthesis
Fill in the blank: Bacteria reproduce asexually through a process called _____.
binary fission
What is an amoeba’s method of movement?
Pseudopodia
True or False: All bacteria are harmful to humans.
False
What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Protein and lipid synthesis
Name the two main types of cells.
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
What structure provides support and shape to plant cells?
Cell wall
Multiple choice: Which organelle is involved in packaging and distributing proteins? A) Golgi apparatus B) Mitochondria C) Nucleus D) Ribosomes
A) Golgi apparatus
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a large organelle found in plant cells that stores water and nutrients.
vacuole
What is the primary function of lysosomes?
Digestion of waste materials
True or False: Eukaryotic cells can be unicellular or multicellular.
True
What is the primary component of the bacterial cell wall?
Peptidoglycan
Name one similarity between plant and animal cells.
Both have a nucleus.
What type of cells are amoebas classified as?
Eukaryotic cells
Fill in the blank: The _____ is responsible for controlling cell division.
nucleus
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells? A) Membrane-bound organelles B) No nucleus C) Multicellular D) Larger size
B) No nucleus
What type of cell contains chlorophyll?
Plant cell
True or False: Animal cells have a rigid structure like plant cells.
False
What is the function of the cell membrane?
To protect the cell and control the movement of substances in and out.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape.
cytoskeleton
What is metabolism?
Metabolism is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms that convert food into energy.
True or False: Metabolism includes both catabolic and anabolic processes.
True
What are catabolic processes?
Catabolic processes are those that break down molecules to produce energy.
What are anabolic processes?
Anabolic processes are those that build up molecules, requiring energy.
What role do enzymes play in metabolism?
Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up metabolic reactions.
What is the significance of growth and development in organisms?
Growth and development are essential for the increase in size, complexity, and functionality of an organism.
True or False: Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction.
True
What is mitosis?
Mitosis is the process by which a cell divides its nucleus and genetic material to produce two identical daughter cells.
What are the main stages of mitosis?
The main stages of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Why are cells generally small?
Cells are small to maintain a high surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient nutrient uptake and waste removal.
What is the cell membrane?
The cell membrane is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of the cell from the external environment.
What is the primary structure of the cell membrane?
The primary structure of the cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer.
Fill in the blank: The cell membrane is selectively _____ .
permeable
What is the function of proteins in the cell membrane?
Proteins in the cell membrane assist with transport, communication, and structural support.
True or False: The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of the cell membrane.
True
What is the purpose of the cytoplasm in a cell?
The cytoplasm provides a medium for biochemical reactions and supports cell structure.
What is the role of ribosomes in metabolism?
Ribosomes synthesize proteins, which are essential for metabolic processes.
What is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse gametes.
What is apoptosis?
Apoptosis is the programmed cell death that occurs as a normal part of growth and development.
Fill in the blank: Cells communicate with each other through _____ signaling.
chemical
What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
Cholesterol helps to maintain membrane fluidity and stability.
What is the significance of the cell cycle?
The cell cycle regulates cell division, growth, and replication of DNA.
True or False: The G1 phase is part of interphase in the cell cycle.
True
What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?
During the S phase, DNA replication occurs, resulting in duplicated chromosomes.
What is the purpose of checkpoints in the cell cycle?
Checkpoints ensure that the cell cycle progresses correctly and that the cell is ready for division.
What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?
The cell wall provides structural support and protection to plant cells.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells.
mitochondria
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells regarding size?
Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells.
What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in cells?
The endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins and lipids and transports them within the cell.
