Cells

Question 1

What will a typical prokaryote always contain?

Answer 1

• cell wall
• cell surface membrane
• circular dna
• ribosomes
• cytoplasm

Question 2

What are eukaryotes characterised by?

Answer 2

• presence of a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Question 3

What is a prokaryotic cell wall made of?

Answer 3

Murein

Question 4

What does an algae’s cell wall made of?

Answer 4

Cellulose

Question 5

What is fungus cell wall made of?

Answer 5

Chitin

Question 6

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 6

Cells specialise to perform a specific function

Question 7

What is a tissue?

Answer 7

Groups of similar cells that perform a specific function and have a common origin

Question 8

What’s on organ?

Answer 8

A structure with different tissues which have a specific physiological function

Question 9

How are epithelial cells in the small intestine adapted?

Answer 9

• surface membrane folds into microvilli for large SA for max absorption.
• many mitochondria to provide energy in form ATP

Question 10

How are palisade cells adapted?

Answer 10

• numerous chloroplast to absorb light
• thin cell walls provide short diffusion pathway for CO2
• cells vertically arranged so fewer cell walls for light to pass through

Question 11

What does acellular mean?

Answer 11

They have no cell organelles

Question 12

Define a virus

Answer 12

Acellular and non-living pathogens.

Question 13

What does a virus do that causes disease?

Answer 13

• damage to host cell when entering/leaving
• toxins produced

Question 14

What does a virus always contain?

Answer 14

Genetic material, enzymes, capsid, attachment proteins

Question 15

What’s the function of the nucleus?

Answer 15

• contains the genetic information determining the development structure and function of the cell

Question 16

What are sub-structures in the nucleus?

Answer 16

• nuclear pore
  -nuclear envelope
• chromatin
• nucleolus

Question 17

What are ribosomes made of?

Answer 17

Protein and ribosomal RNA

Question 18

What’s the function of ribosomes?

Answer 18

Used in protein synthesis, joining amino acids

Question 19

Where are ribosomes found in the cell?

Answer 19

Cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

What are the types of endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 20

Rough and smooth

Question 21

What’s the purpose of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 21

Has ribosomes which produce secretory proteins

Question 22

What’s the purpose of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 22

Produces and transports lipids

Question 23

What’s the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum ?

Answer 23

Rough has ribosomes attached, smooth doesn’t

Question 24

What are the functions of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 24

• adds carbohydrates to proteins received from rough endoplasmic reticulum
• packages proteins and glycoproteins into Golgi vesicles for secretion.
• produces lysosomes

Question 25

Where is the Golgi apparatus most abundant?

Answer 25

In secretory cells eg the pancreas

Question 26

What is a lysosome?

Answer 26

A sac containing hydrolytic enzymes

Question 27

What are the functions of a lysosome?

Answer 27

- digestion of material taken in by phagocytosis. - non functional organelles are engulfed - releases enzymes outside of the cell