Cells Flashcards
Who examined a piece of bark under a microscope in 1665?
Robert Hooke
Hooke’s observations led to the discovery of cells.
What did Robert Hooke observe under the microscope?
Tiny cells
This observation marked the beginning of cell biology.
Who invented the compound microscope?
Zacharias Janssen
He worked with his father to invent the microscope.
What significant discovery did Robert Hooke make?
The first cell from bark
He was the first to discover cells.
Which types of cells did Anton van Leeuwenhoek discover?
Red blood cells, bacteria, sperm cells
He made significant contributions to microbiology.
What did Henri Dutrochet recognize about plant cells?
Each plant cell has a continuous membrane
This was a key observation in cell biology.
What foundational concept did Schwann and Schleiden establish?
Cells are the basic units of life for both plants and animals
They contributed significantly to the cell theory.
What conclusion did Rudolph Virchow draw about cells?
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
This is summarized in the phrase ‘Omnis cellula e cellula.’
What does a chromosome carry?
Information that cells need to keep functioning
Chromosomes play a critical role in the genetic information of a cell.
What is the most important organelle?
Electron
The text seems to contain a typo; likely, it meant ‘nucleus’ or ‘mitochondria’ instead of ‘electron’.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Encloses the cell, keeping the cell’s parts within and protecting them
The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing some substances to pass while blocking others.
What does cytoplasm include?
Everything within the membrane of the cell, except for the nucleus
Cytoplasm contains organelles and is crucial for cellular processes.
Fill in the blank: Protoplasm = _______.
Everything inside the cell, including nucleus
Protoplasm refers to the living content of a cell.
List the main parts of a cell.
- Nucleus
- Cell Membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Chloroplasts
- Vacuole
- Mitochondria
These organelles have specific functions that are essential for the cell’s survival and operation.
What is the function of the nucleus?
Houses all the cell’s information in chromosomes.
What is the Golgi apparatus responsible for?
Stores and moves protein.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
Canal, either rough or smooth, that carries substances through the cytoplasm.
What does the organelle nucleus contain?
The cell’s chromosomes.
What does the mitochondrion control?
The cell’s energy.
List six organelles
- Nucleus
- Cell membrane
- Microvilli
- Chloroplast
- Cytoplasm
- Mitochondria
True or False: All organelles are part of the cell’s functions.
True.
What is the function of the revolving nosepiece in a microscope?
It rotates, allowing you to change the objective lenses.
The revolving nosepiece is essential for switching between different magnifications.
What is the ocular lens also known as?
Eyepiece.
The ocular lens is the part of the microscope you look through.
What does the ocular lens do?
Magnifies the specimen.
The ocular lens is crucial for viewing the details of the specimen.
What is the purpose of the coarse adjustment knob?
Focuses the image; should only be used with low power objective lenses in place.
The coarse adjustment knob is used for initial focusing.
What are objective lenses used for?
Magnifies the specimen.
Different objective lenses provide varying levels of magnification.
What does the fine adjustment knob do?
Sharpens the image focus.
The fine adjustment knob is used for precise focusing.
What is the diaphragm’s function in a microscope?
Controls the light that reaches the specimen.
Adjusting the diaphragm can enhance contrast and resolution.
What is the light source in a microscope?
An electric light bulb or a mirror.
Light is essential for illuminating the specimen for better visibility.
What does the stage of a microscope do?
Supports the slide and has an opening for light to pass through.
The stage is where the specimen is placed for observation.
What is a slide in microscopy?
Glass that holds the specimen.
Slides are essential for viewing samples under the microscope.
What are the main structures and organelles in plant and animal cells?
Nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuole, mitochondria, cytoplasm
These organelles perform essential functions for the cell.
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
It acts as the control center, containing genetic material and regulating cell activities
The nucleus is crucial for cell reproduction and function.
What is the role of the cell membrane?
It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell
The cell membrane is selectively permeable.
What distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts
Animal cells do not have these structures.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for energy production in the cell.
mitochondria
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
True or False: Both plant and animal cells contain vacuoles.
True
Vacuoles can vary in size between plant and animal cells.
What do chloroplasts contain that is important for photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is the pigment that absorbs light energy.
What is the cytoplasm?
The gel-like substance within the cell membrane that contains organelles
It is the site of many metabolic reactions.
List the components that a typical animal cell has.
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Vacuoles (small)
Animal cells typically have smaller vacuoles compared to plant cells.
List the components that a typical plant cell has.
- Cell wall
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Vacuoles (large)
- Chloroplasts (green)
The large vacuoles in plant cells help maintain turgor pressure.
Fill in the blank: The _______ provides structural support to plant cells.
cell wall
The cell wall is made of cellulose.
What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?
They store nutrients and waste products and help maintain turgor pressure
Large vacuoles are characteristic of plant cells.
What are plastids?
Organelles involved in the synthesis and storage of food in plant cells
Types of plastids include chloroplasts and leucoplasts.
