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Science Cells > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Who examined a piece of bark under a microscope in 1665?

A

Robert Hooke

Hooke’s observations led to the discovery of cells.

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2
Q

What did Robert Hooke observe under the microscope?

A

Tiny cells

This observation marked the beginning of cell biology.

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3
Q

Who invented the compound microscope?

A

Zacharias Janssen

He worked with his father to invent the microscope.

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4
Q

What significant discovery did Robert Hooke make?

A

The first cell from bark

He was the first to discover cells.

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5
Q

Which types of cells did Anton van Leeuwenhoek discover?

A

Red blood cells, bacteria, sperm cells

He made significant contributions to microbiology.

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6
Q

What did Henri Dutrochet recognize about plant cells?

A

Each plant cell has a continuous membrane

This was a key observation in cell biology.

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7
Q

What foundational concept did Schwann and Schleiden establish?

A

Cells are the basic units of life for both plants and animals

They contributed significantly to the cell theory.

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8
Q

What conclusion did Rudolph Virchow draw about cells?

A

All cells arise from pre-existing cells

This is summarized in the phrase ‘Omnis cellula e cellula.’

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9
Q

What does a chromosome carry?

A

Information that cells need to keep functioning

Chromosomes play a critical role in the genetic information of a cell.

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10
Q

What is the most important organelle?

A

Electron

The text seems to contain a typo; likely, it meant ‘nucleus’ or ‘mitochondria’ instead of ‘electron’.

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11
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Encloses the cell, keeping the cell’s parts within and protecting them

The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing some substances to pass while blocking others.

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12
Q

What does cytoplasm include?

A

Everything within the membrane of the cell, except for the nucleus

Cytoplasm contains organelles and is crucial for cellular processes.

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: Protoplasm = _______.

A

Everything inside the cell, including nucleus

Protoplasm refers to the living content of a cell.

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14
Q

List the main parts of a cell.

A
  • Nucleus
  • Cell Membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Chloroplasts
  • Vacuole
  • Mitochondria

These organelles have specific functions that are essential for the cell’s survival and operation.

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15
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Houses all the cell’s information in chromosomes.

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16
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus responsible for?

A

Stores and moves protein.

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17
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Canal, either rough or smooth, that carries substances through the cytoplasm.

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18
Q

What does the organelle nucleus contain?

A

The cell’s chromosomes.

19
Q

What does the mitochondrion control?

A

The cell’s energy.

20
Q

List six organelles

A
  • Nucleus
  • Cell membrane
  • Microvilli
  • Chloroplast
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
21
Q

True or False: All organelles are part of the cell’s functions.

A

True.

22
Q

What is the function of the revolving nosepiece in a microscope?

A

It rotates, allowing you to change the objective lenses.

The revolving nosepiece is essential for switching between different magnifications.

23
Q

What is the ocular lens also known as?

A

Eyepiece.

The ocular lens is the part of the microscope you look through.

24
Q

What does the ocular lens do?

A

Magnifies the specimen.

The ocular lens is crucial for viewing the details of the specimen.

25
Q

What is the purpose of the coarse adjustment knob?

A

Focuses the image; should only be used with low power objective lenses in place.

The coarse adjustment knob is used for initial focusing.

26
Q

What are objective lenses used for?

A

Magnifies the specimen.

Different objective lenses provide varying levels of magnification.

27
Q

What does the fine adjustment knob do?

A

Sharpens the image focus.

The fine adjustment knob is used for precise focusing.

28
Q

What is the diaphragm’s function in a microscope?

A

Controls the light that reaches the specimen.

Adjusting the diaphragm can enhance contrast and resolution.

29
Q

What is the light source in a microscope?

A

An electric light bulb or a mirror.

Light is essential for illuminating the specimen for better visibility.

30
Q

What does the stage of a microscope do?

A

Supports the slide and has an opening for light to pass through.

The stage is where the specimen is placed for observation.

31
Q

What is a slide in microscopy?

A

Glass that holds the specimen.

Slides are essential for viewing samples under the microscope.

32
Q

What are the main structures and organelles in plant and animal cells?

A

Nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuole, mitochondria, cytoplasm

These organelles perform essential functions for the cell.

33
Q

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

A

It acts as the control center, containing genetic material and regulating cell activities

The nucleus is crucial for cell reproduction and function.

34
Q

What is the role of the cell membrane?

A

It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell

The cell membrane is selectively permeable.

35
Q

What distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?

A

Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts

Animal cells do not have these structures.

36
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for energy production in the cell.

A

mitochondria

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.

37
Q

True or False: Both plant and animal cells contain vacuoles.

A

True

Vacuoles can vary in size between plant and animal cells.

38
Q

What do chloroplasts contain that is important for photosynthesis?

A

Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll is the pigment that absorbs light energy.

39
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

The gel-like substance within the cell membrane that contains organelles

It is the site of many metabolic reactions.

40
Q

List the components that a typical animal cell has.

A
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
  • Vacuoles (small)

Animal cells typically have smaller vacuoles compared to plant cells.

41
Q

List the components that a typical plant cell has.

A
  • Cell wall
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
  • Vacuoles (large)
  • Chloroplasts (green)

The large vacuoles in plant cells help maintain turgor pressure.

42
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ provides structural support to plant cells.

A

cell wall

The cell wall is made of cellulose.

43
Q

What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?

A

They store nutrients and waste products and help maintain turgor pressure

Large vacuoles are characteristic of plant cells.

44
Q

What are plastids?

A

Organelles involved in the synthesis and storage of food in plant cells

Types of plastids include chloroplasts and leucoplasts.

Science Cells (2 decks)

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