Cells

Question 1

Who examined a piece of bark under a microscope in 1665?

Answer 1

Robert Hooke

Hooke’s observations led to the discovery of cells.

Question 2

What did Robert Hooke observe under the microscope?

Answer 2

Tiny cells

This observation marked the beginning of cell biology.

Question 3

Who invented the compound microscope?

Answer 3

Zacharias Janssen

He worked with his father to invent the microscope.

Question 4

What significant discovery did Robert Hooke make?

Answer 4

The first cell from bark

He was the first to discover cells.

Question 5

Which types of cells did Anton van Leeuwenhoek discover?

Answer 5

Red blood cells, bacteria, sperm cells

He made significant contributions to microbiology.

Question 6

What did Henri Dutrochet recognize about plant cells?

Answer 6

Each plant cell has a continuous membrane

This was a key observation in cell biology.

Question 7

What foundational concept did Schwann and Schleiden establish?

Answer 7

Cells are the basic units of life for both plants and animals

They contributed significantly to the cell theory.

Question 8

What conclusion did Rudolph Virchow draw about cells?

Answer 8

All cells arise from pre-existing cells

This is summarized in the phrase ‘Omnis cellula e cellula.’

Question 9

What does a chromosome carry?

Answer 9

Information that cells need to keep functioning

Chromosomes play a critical role in the genetic information of a cell.

Question 10

What is the most important organelle?

Answer 10

Electron

The text seems to contain a typo; likely, it meant ‘nucleus’ or ‘mitochondria’ instead of ‘electron’.

Question 11

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 11

Encloses the cell, keeping the cell’s parts within and protecting them

The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing some substances to pass while blocking others.

Question 12

What does cytoplasm include?

Answer 12

Everything within the membrane of the cell, except for the nucleus

Cytoplasm contains organelles and is crucial for cellular processes.

Question 13

Fill in the blank: Protoplasm = _______.

Answer 13

Everything inside the cell, including nucleus

Protoplasm refers to the living content of a cell.

Question 14

List the main parts of a cell.

Answer 14

• Nucleus
• Cell Membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Chloroplasts
• Vacuole
• Mitochondria

These organelles have specific functions that are essential for the cell’s survival and operation.

Question 15

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 15

Houses all the cell’s information in chromosomes.

Question 16

What is the Golgi apparatus responsible for?

Answer 16

Stores and moves protein.

Question 17

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 17

Canal, either rough or smooth, that carries substances through the cytoplasm.

Question 18

What does the organelle nucleus contain?

Answer 18

The cell’s chromosomes.

Question 19

What does the mitochondrion control?

Answer 19

The cell’s energy.

Question 20

List six organelles

Answer 20

• Nucleus
• Cell membrane
• Microvilli
• Chloroplast
• Cytoplasm
• Mitochondria

Question 21

True or False: All organelles are part of the cell’s functions.

Answer 21

True.

Question 22

What is the function of the revolving nosepiece in a microscope?

Answer 22

It rotates, allowing you to change the objective lenses.

The revolving nosepiece is essential for switching between different magnifications.

Question 23

What is the ocular lens also known as?

Answer 23

Eyepiece.

The ocular lens is the part of the microscope you look through.

Question 24

What does the ocular lens do?

Answer 24

Magnifies the specimen.

The ocular lens is crucial for viewing the details of the specimen.

Question 25

What is the purpose of the coarse adjustment knob?

Answer 25

Focuses the image; should only be used with low power objective lenses in place. ## Footnote The coarse adjustment knob is used for initial focusing.

Question 26

What are objective lenses used for?

Answer 26

Magnifies the specimen. ## Footnote Different objective lenses provide varying levels of magnification.

Question 27

What does the fine adjustment knob do?

Answer 27

Sharpens the image focus. ## Footnote The fine adjustment knob is used for precise focusing.

Question 28

What is the diaphragm's function in a microscope?

Answer 28

Controls the light that reaches the specimen. ## Footnote Adjusting the diaphragm can enhance contrast and resolution.

Question 29

What is the light source in a microscope?

Answer 29

An electric light bulb or a mirror. ## Footnote Light is essential for illuminating the specimen for better visibility.

Question 30

What does the stage of a microscope do?

Answer 30

Supports the slide and has an opening for light to pass through. ## Footnote The stage is where the specimen is placed for observation.

Question 31

What is a slide in microscopy?

Answer 31

Glass that holds the specimen. ## Footnote Slides are essential for viewing samples under the microscope.

Question 32

What are the main structures and organelles in plant and animal cells?

Answer 32

Nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuole, mitochondria, cytoplasm ## Footnote These organelles perform essential functions for the cell.

Question 33

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

Answer 33

It acts as the control center, containing genetic material and regulating cell activities ## Footnote The nucleus is crucial for cell reproduction and function.

Question 34

What is the role of the cell membrane?

Answer 34

It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell ## Footnote The cell membrane is selectively permeable.

Question 35

What distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?

Answer 35

Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts ## Footnote Animal cells do not have these structures.

Question 36

Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for energy production in the cell.

Answer 36

mitochondria ## Footnote Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.

Question 37

True or False: Both plant and animal cells contain vacuoles.

Answer 37

True ## Footnote Vacuoles can vary in size between plant and animal cells.

Question 38

What do chloroplasts contain that is important for photosynthesis?

Answer 38

Chlorophyll ## Footnote Chlorophyll is the pigment that absorbs light energy.

Question 39

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 39

The gel-like substance within the cell membrane that contains organelles ## Footnote It is the site of many metabolic reactions.

Question 40

List the components that a typical animal cell has.

Answer 40

* Cell membrane * Cytoplasm * Nucleus * Vacuoles (small) ## Footnote Animal cells typically have smaller vacuoles compared to plant cells.

Question 41

List the components that a typical plant cell has.

Answer 41

* Cell wall * Cell membrane * Cytoplasm * Nucleus * Vacuoles (large) * Chloroplasts (green) ## Footnote The large vacuoles in plant cells help maintain turgor pressure.

Question 42

Fill in the blank: The _______ provides structural support to plant cells.

Answer 42

cell wall ## Footnote The cell wall is made of cellulose.

Question 43

What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?

Answer 43

They store nutrients and waste products and help maintain turgor pressure ## Footnote Large vacuoles are characteristic of plant cells.

Question 44

What are plastids?

Answer 44

Organelles involved in the synthesis and storage of food in plant cells ## Footnote Types of plastids include chloroplasts and leucoplasts.