Cells Flashcards
3 Membrane Junctions
Tight junction, desmosome, gap junction
tight junction
impermeable junction that encircles the cell
desmosome
anchoring junction scattered along the sides of the cells
gap junction
a nexus that allows chemical substances to pass between cells
cytoplasm
material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
cytosol
largely water with dissolved proteins, salts, sugars and other solutes
Cytoplasmic organelles
Metabolic machinery of the cell
specialized cellular compartments, membranous-mitochondria, peroxisomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum , and Golgi apparatus
non-membranous- cytoskeleton, centrioles, and ribosomes
Inclusions
chemical substances such as glcosomes, glycogen granules, and pigment
Mitochondria
A powerhouse of the cell: producing the cell energy supply in the form as ATP through aerobic respiration
Ribosomes
Granules containing protein and rRna
site of protein synthesis
free ribosomes synthesize soluble proteins
membrane-bound ribosomes synthesize proteins to be incorporated into membranes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Interconnected tubes and parallel membranes, continuous with the nuclear membrane
tow varieties- rough Er and smooth Er
Rough ER
External Surface studded with ribosomes
Manufactures all secreted Proteins
responsible for the synthesis of integral membrane proteins and phospholipids for cell membranes
Smooth Er
tubules arrange in a looping network
catalyzes the following reactions in various organs of the body
I️n the liver- lipid and cholesterol metabolism breakdown of glycogen and along with the kidney, detoxification of drugs
in the testes- synthesis of steroid-based hormones
in the intestinal cells- absorption, synthesis, and transport of fats.
in the skeletal and cardiac muscle- storage and release of calcium
Golgi apparatus
stacked and flattened membranous sacs
functions in the modification, concentration, and packaging of proteins
secretory vesicles leave the Golgi and move to designated parts of the cell
Lysosomes
” Garbage disposal”
spherical membranous bags containing digestive enzymes
digest ingested bacteria, viruses, and toxins
degrade nonfunctional organelles
breakdown non useful tissues
peroxisomes
Membranous sacs containing oxidases and catalases
detoxify harmful or toxic substances
neutralize dangerous free radicals
free radicals- highly reactive chemical with unpaired electrons
cytoskeleton
The skeleton of the cell
consists of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
centrioles
small barrel-shaped organelles located in the centrosome near the nucleus
pinwheel array of nine triplets of microtubules
organize mitotic spindle during mitosis
form the bases of cilia and flagella
Cell Cycle
Interphase, mitotic phase
interphase
Growth (G1)
Synthesis (S)
Growth (G2)
Mitotic Phase
Mitosis and cytokinesis
Cell Division
Essential for body growth and tissue repair
What is Mitosis and its phases?
Nuclear division
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
