Cells

Question 1

3 Membrane Junctions

Answer 1

Tight junction, desmosome, gap junction

Question 2

tight junction

Answer 2

impermeable junction that encircles the cell

Question 3

desmosome

Answer 3

anchoring junction scattered along the sides of the cells

Question 4

gap junction

Answer 4

a nexus that allows chemical substances to pass between cells

Question 5

cytoplasm

Answer 5

material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

Question 6

cytosol

Answer 6

largely water with dissolved proteins, salts, sugars and other solutes

Question 7

Cytoplasmic organelles

Answer 7

Metabolic machinery of the cell
specialized cellular compartments, membranous-mitochondria, peroxisomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum , and Golgi apparatus
non-membranous- cytoskeleton, centrioles, and ribosomes

Question 8

Inclusions

Answer 8

chemical substances such as glcosomes, glycogen granules, and pigment

Question 9

Mitochondria

Answer 9

A powerhouse of the cell: producing the cell energy supply in the form as ATP through aerobic respiration

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

Granules containing protein and rRna
site of protein synthesis
free ribosomes synthesize soluble proteins
membrane-bound ribosomes synthesize proteins to be incorporated into membranes

Question 11

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 11

Interconnected tubes and parallel membranes, continuous with the nuclear membrane
tow varieties- rough Er and smooth Er

Question 12

Rough ER

Answer 12

External Surface studded with ribosomes
Manufactures all secreted Proteins
responsible for the synthesis of integral membrane proteins and phospholipids for cell membranes

Question 13

Smooth Er

Answer 13

tubules arrange in a looping network
catalyzes the following reactions in various organs of the body
I️n the liver- lipid and cholesterol metabolism breakdown of glycogen and along with the kidney, detoxification of drugs

in the testes- synthesis of steroid-based hormones

in the intestinal cells- absorption, synthesis, and transport of fats.

in the skeletal and cardiac muscle- storage and release of calcium

Question 14

Golgi apparatus

Answer 14

stacked and flattened membranous sacs
functions in the modification, concentration, and packaging of proteins
secretory vesicles leave the Golgi and move to designated parts of the cell

Question 15

Lysosomes

Answer 15

” Garbage disposal”
spherical membranous bags containing digestive enzymes
digest ingested bacteria, viruses, and toxins
degrade nonfunctional organelles
breakdown non useful tissues

Question 16

peroxisomes

Answer 16

Membranous sacs containing oxidases and catalases
detoxify harmful or toxic substances
neutralize dangerous free radicals
free radicals- highly reactive chemical with unpaired electrons

Question 17

cytoskeleton

Answer 17

The skeleton of the cell
consists of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments

Question 18

centrioles

Answer 18

small barrel-shaped organelles located in the centrosome near the nucleus
pinwheel array of nine triplets of microtubules
organize mitotic spindle during mitosis
form the bases of cilia and flagella

Question 19

Cell Cycle

Answer 19

Interphase, mitotic phase

Question 20

interphase

Answer 20

Growth (G1)
Synthesis (S)
Growth (G2)

Question 21

Mitotic Phase

Answer 21

Mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 22

Cell Division

Answer 22

Essential for body growth and tissue repair

Question 23

What is Mitosis and its phases?

Answer 23

Nuclear division
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase