Cells?

Question 1

what must happen to DNA during interphase before mitosis can occur?

Answer 1

2 copies of DNA

Question 2

During mitosis what type of cells are made?

Answer 2

skin cells

Question 3

in meiosis what type of cells are made?

Answer 3

gametes (eggs and sperm cells)

Question 4

what are cells used for in mitosis?

Answer 4

cell growth and repair

Question 5

in meiosis what are the cells used for?

Answer 5

reproduction

Question 6

how many chromosomes will daughter cells have compared to their parents in mitosis

Answer 6

the same number as parents

Question 7

how many chromosomes will daughter cells have compared to their parents in meiosis

Answer 7

half of the parents

Question 8

how many daughter cells are produced in mitosis

Answer 8

2

Question 9

how many daughter cells are produced in meiosis

Answer 9

4

Question 10

how many times does the cell divide in mitosis

Answer 10

once

Question 11

how many times does the cell divide in meiosis

Answer 11

twice

Question 12

is mitosis used in sexual reproduction?

Answer 12

no

Question 13

is meiosis used in sexual reproduction?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

are cells produced in mitosis identical to their parent or unique

Answer 14

identical

Question 15

are cells produced in meiosis identical to their parent or unique

Answer 15

unique

Question 16

does crossing over occur in mitosis

Answer 16

no

Question 17

does crossing over occur in meiosis

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

how does the number of chromosomes in a human liver cell compare to the number of chromosomes in a human brain cell?

Answer 18

both are equal

Question 19

sperm cells in a russian dwarf hamster have 14 chromosomes. how many chromosomes are in a hamsters … a) body cell? b) egg cell?

Answer 19

a) 14, b) 7

Question 20

a cell with 100 chromosomes undergoes mitosis: how many cells are created? how many chromosomes are in each cell?

Answer 20

cells: 2, chromosomes: 100

Question 21

a cell with 100 chromosomes undergoes meiosis… how many cells are created? how many chromosomes in each cell? what type of cells are created?

Answer 21

cells: 4, chromosomes: 5, type of cells: haploids

Question 22

cells produced from ____ are gametes, and called ___ and ____.

Answer 22

1) meiosis, 2/3) sperm/egg

Question 23

during fertilization the sperm and egg cells combine to create a ______

Answer 23

zygote

Question 24

a zygote has ___ the number of chromosomes compared to a gamete

Answer 24

half

Question 25

sex chromosomes in gametes determine whether the offspring is ____________

Answer 25

male or female

Question 26

Mothers always give __ chromosomes to their offspring because females have ____ chromosomes

Answer 26

X , XX

Question 27

fathers can give _____ to their offspring because males have _____ chromosomes

Answer 27

X or Y, XY

Question 28

a sperm cell containing 16 chromosomes is fertilized, how many chromosomes will be in the zygote?

Answer 28

8

Question 29

what process has crossing over occur?

Answer 29

meiosis

Question 30

how does crossing over affect cells produced from meiosis

Answer 30

it creates genetic variation

Question 31

what are the building blocks of DNA

Answer 31

nucleotides

Question 32

what shape is DNA?

Answer 32

double helix

Question 33

what is a gene?

Answer 33

sequences of DNA that determine a trait

Question 34

what part of DNA carries genetic code

Answer 34

nucleus

Question 35

find the complementary dna sequence for this one: A T C G T G A C A

Answer 35

T A G C A C T G T

Question 36

A DNA molecule has 15% T, whats the percentage of the other three bases?

Answer 36

A - 15%, C - 45%, G - 45%

Question 37

whats the purpose of DNA replication?

Answer 37

produce two identical DNA molecules

Question 38

where does DNA replication occur?

Answer 38

nucleus

Question 39

whats the purpose of protein synthesis

Answer 39

make protiens

Question 40

what is transcription?

Answer 40

the process where DNA is used to make messenger RNA

Question 41

where does transcription take place

Answer 41

nucleus

Question 42

after mRNA is made it leaves the nucleus and travels to where?

Answer 42

the ribosome

Question 43

what is both dna and rna made of

Answer 43

nucleotides

Question 44

does dna or rna have deoxyribose sugar?

Answer 44

DNA

Question 45

does dna or rna have ribose sugar?

Answer 45

RNA

Question 46

what happens in translation?

Answer 46

mrna leaves the nucleus to go to the ribosome and read 3 bases at a time. trna then carries the right amino acid to the ribosome, which they link to build a protien

Question 47

what is the ribosome made of

Answer 47

rRNA

Question 48

what do amino acids link together to buld

Answer 48

protiens

Question 49

what is a mutation?

Answer 49

a change in dna

Question 50

are mutations always harmful?

Answer 50

no

Question 51

is the statement “mutations never lead to variation in a species “ correct?

Answer 51

no, mutations introduce new alleles

Question 52

what are the two types of mutations

Answer 52

a change in gene of a gamete, or a change in embryo

Question 53

physical expression of a trait

Answer 53

phenotype

Question 54

a chart that shows how a trait is inherited through a family

Answer 54

pedigree

Question 55

the trait that is expressed when there is only one copy - represented with a capital letter

Answer 55

dominant

Question 56

2 copies of the same allele - HH or hh

Answer 56

homozygous

Question 57

a piece of dna which codes for a trait

Answer 57

gene

Question 58

different forms of a gene, one comes from each parent

Answer 58

allele

Question 59

1 copy of each allele, Hh

Answer 59

heterozygous

Question 60

genetic make-up for a trait

Answer 60

genotype

Question 61

the trait that needs 2 copies to be expressed, represented by a lowercase letter

Answer 61

recessive