cells

Question 1

what are the differences between animal and plant cells?

Answer 1

only plant cells have chloroplasts

only plant cells have cell walls

animal cells have a much smaller vacuole

animal cells’ vacuole is much smaller than plant cells

Question 1

what are cells?

Answer 1

the smallest units from which all organisms are made

Question 2

what does unicellular mean?

Answer 2

made of one single cell

Question 3

what does multicellular mean?

Answer 3

made of many cells

Question 4

what is an electron micrograph?

Answer 4

an image taken with an electron microscope

these can magnify up to 500,000 times

Question 5

what is a cell membrane and what does it do?

Answer 5

a thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cytoplasm of every cell

controls what enters and leaves the cell. PARTIALLY permeable - it allows some molecules and ions to pass through

difficult to see in plant cell, it is pressed tightly into the cell wall

Question 6

what is a cell wall and what does it do?

Answer 6

ONLY IN PLANT CELLS

a thin layer of cellulose that surrounds the cell membrane

protects and supports the cell. forms fibres which criss cross to form a very strong wall

FULLY permeable, allow all molecules and ions to pass through

Question 7

what is cytoplasm and what does it do?

Answer 7

clear jelly material that fills the cell

mostly composed of water (70%)

have substances dissolved in it

metabolic reactions happen here

Question 8

what is a vacuole and what does it do?

Answer 8

a fluid filled space inside a cell with its own membrane around it

Question 9

what is a nucleus and what does it do?

Answer 9

inside the cell, contains and stores genetic information as chromosomes

chromosomes made of DNA

DNA determines which proteins are made

Question 10

what are chloroplasts and what do they do?

Answer 10

NEVER in animal cells, mostly found in plant cells (especially green parts)

contains green pigment called chlorophyll

chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight to create food for the plant

chloroplasts also contain starch grains which store food that is made during photosynthesis

Question 11

what are mitochondria and what do they do?

Answer 11

found in both plant and animal cells

responsible for aerobic respiration - chem. reaction where energy is released from food and oxygen

main way cells get energy

more energy needed, more mitochondria

Question 12

what are ribosomes and what do they do?

Answer 12

found in almost all plant and animal cells

where the cell makes its protein using information from the DNA

Question 13

how many times bigger do we see an object with x10 objective lens?

Answer 13

100x bigger

Question 14

what happens in cell division?

Answer 14

cells divide to create new cells

this is true for plant cells, animal cells, and bacteria cells

Question 15

what are specialized cells?

Answer 15

cells that are adapted to perform a specific function

Question 16

where is a ciliated cell found and what is its function?

Answer 16

found in the lining of the trachea and bronchi in animals

membrane extensions called cilia help to move mucus upwards and out

they move like waves

Question 17

where is a neuron found and what is its function?

Answer 17

found in the nervous system of animals

they are used to conduct electrical impulses

they do not have nuclei

Question 18

where is a red blood cell found and what is its function?

Answer 18

they are found in the blood of mammals

they are used to transport oxygen

Question 19

where are sperm cells found and what are their function?

Answer 19

found in the testes of all mammals

they are the male gamete in sexual reproduction

Question 20

where are egg cells found and what are their function?

Answer 20

found in the ovaries of female mammals

they are the female gamete in sexual reproduction

Question 21

w here are root hair cells found and what are their function?

Answer 21

near the tips of roots of flowering plants

they absorb water and mineral ions

Question 22

where are palisade mesophyll cells found and what are their function?

Answer 22

they are found in the leaves of flowering plants

they perform photosynthesis

Question 23

describe the path from cells to organism

Answer 23

cells

tissues

organ

organ system

organism

Question 24

what is a tissue?

Answer 24

a group of cells that do the same job

Question 25

what are organs?

Answer 25

groups of different tissues that carry out a particular function

Question 26

why do we need magnification? why do we need to know the magnification?

Answer 26

often biologists study small structures

to know the actual size we have to know the magnification

Question 27

what is the relationship between image size, actual size, and magnification?

Answer 27

image size/actual size = magnification

Question 28

what is a bacteria’s cell wall made of?

Answer 28

peptidoglycan (NOT cellulose)

Question 29

what does the cell wall of a bacteria cell do?

Answer 29

supports the cell
stops cell bursting if water is absorbed
made of peptidoglycan

Question 30

what does the cell membrane do in bacteria?

Answer 30

has the same role in plant and animal cells
controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 31

what do ribosomes do in bacteria cells?

Answer 31

where the cell makes its protein using information from the DNA

Question 32

what does the cytoplasm do in bacteria cells?

Answer 32

clear jelly material that fills the cell

mostly composed of water (70%)

have substances dissolved in it

metabolic reactions happen here

Question 33

what does prokaryotic mean?

Answer 33

pro means before
karyotic means nucleus

appeared on earth millions of years ago before cells with nuclei

instead of a nucleus they just has a circle like a clump of DNA

Question 34

what are plasmids?

Answer 34

prokaryotic cells sometimes have one or more circles of DNA, known as plasmids

scientists use this for genetic modification

Question 35

what are flagella?

Answer 35

some bacteria have long hair like structures to help them move

some bacteria have more than one, or none