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Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Building blocks of ALL living things

A

Cells

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2
Q

What do cells help maintain

A

Homeostasis

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3
Q

Another name for Homeostasis

A

Stable Internal Environment

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4
Q

Cells are where all what take place

A

Metabolic Reactions

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5
Q

“Mini organisms” with specialized internal structures

A

Organelles

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6
Q

Name two things only in plant cells

A

1)Cell Wall

2)Chloroplasts

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7
Q

Functions for cell walls

A

1) Defense/protection for the cell

2) Structure/Maintain Shape

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8
Q

What is usually the shape of a plant cell

A

Rectangle

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9
Q

Where is the cell wall located

A

Around the cell

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10
Q

What pigment does chloroplast contain

A

Chlorophyll

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11
Q

What is Chloroplasts the site of

A

Photosynthesis

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12
Q

What are the reactants to photosynthesis

A

U.V. Lights

H2O

CO2

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13
Q

What are the Products of Photosynthesis

A

C6H12O6

O2

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14
Q

Allows materials in and out of cells

A

Cell Membrane

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15
Q

True or False: Cell Membranes are semi-permeable

A

True

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16
Q

True or False: Cell Membranes are in all cells

A

True

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17
Q

What makes up Cell Membranes

A

Phospholipid bi-layer

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18
Q

What does a phospholipid bi-layer determine in a cell membrane

A

Controls what and how much of a substance is allowed in and out also it helps maintain homeostasis

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19
Q

What is the control center for metabolism and reproduction

A

Nucleus

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20
Q

Hereditary material

A

DNA (DeoxyriboNucleicAcid)

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21
Q

Outside double layer of the nucleus

A

Nuclear Envolope/Enoplasmic Reticulum

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22
Q

How DNA is found in the nucleus

A

Chromatin

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23
Q

When the cell is reproducing, the chromatin does what

A

Condenses

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24
Q

When DNA condenses (gets tighter and more compact) it forms an x-like structure called

A

A Chromosome

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25
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes are there in the human body

A

23 pairs and 46 individually

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26
Q

Watery material (90% water) inside EVERY cell

A

Cytoplasm

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27
Q

Site of Protein synthesis or where proteins are made

A

Ribosomes

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28
Q

Ribosomes make strands of amino acids become bonded with…

A

Peptide Bonds

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29
Q

Amino Acids go into a factory (ribosomes) and what comes out

A

Peptide bonds

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30
Q

Peptide bonds “fold” into…

A

A protein

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31
Q

Produces ATP (energy)

A

Mitochondria

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32
Q

How do Mitochondria’s produce energy

A

Through Cellular Respiration

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33
Q

Reactants of Cellular Respiration

A

O2

C6H12O6 (glucose)

34
Q

Products of Cellular Respiration

A

ATP

H2O

CO2

35
Q

The organelle that the reactants of Cellular Respiration go through

A

Mitochondria

36
Q

The organelle that the reactants of Cellular Respiration go through

A

Mitochondria

37
Q

What is the organelle that the reactants of photosynthesis go through

A

Chloroplast

38
Q

Circular movement of cytoplasm within a cell

A

Cyclosis Movement

39
Q

Inner membrane is highly folded to increase

A

Surface Area (more room for the reaction)

40
Q

What is involved in cell division

A

Centrioles

41
Q

What is the cell division

A

Mitosis

42
Q

Things used for movement in single celled organisms

A

Cilia movement

Flagella movement

43
Q

What is the cilia movement

A

Hair like structures

Ex. Paramecium

44
Q

What is flagella movement

A

Tail-like structure

Ex. Sperm/Euglena

45
Q

Storage of food, water, and waste

A

Vacuoles

46
Q

Where are vacuoles found in

A

They are found in unicellular organisms to get rid of excess water

Also found in Eukaryotic cells (animal cells)

47
Q

What is a Vacuoles primary function

A

Being a source of storage of food, water, waste

48
Q

How many ways are there to maintain homeostasis in a cell

A

3

49
Q

A difference in concentration

A

Gradient

50
Q

Movement from where there is a lot to a little

A

Diffusion

51
Q

Same amount of stuff on both sides

A

Equilibrium

52
Q

Transport where no energy is required

A

Passive transport

53
Q

What is passive transport

A

High concentration to low concentration

54
Q

Diffusion occurs because molecules are…

A

Not at homeostasis or not at equilibrium (reaching equal numbers both inside and outside of the cell)

55
Q

Diffusion of H2O only

A

Osmosis

56
Q

What is an Isotonic cell in

A

In equilibrium

57
Q

What does hypotonic have

A

To much H2O outside the cell and more salt inside

58
Q

What does Hypertonic have

A

To much water inside and more salt out

59
Q

What transport requires energy

A

Active transport

60
Q

What is active transport

A

A little to a lot (from low to high concentration)

61
Q

Examples of Active transport

A

Protein channel

Endocytosis (enter the cell)

Exocytosis (exit the cell)

62
Q

One celled organisms

A

Prokaryote

63
Q

True or False: All cells have a nucleus

A

False, prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus

64
Q

Do prokaryotes have nuclei and a membrane bound organelle

A

No

65
Q

Example of prokaryotes

A

Bacteria

66
Q

Made up of multiple types of cells (with different functions)

A

Eukaryotes

67
Q

What type of cell is a prokaryote

A

Simple

68
Q

What type of cell is a Eukaryote

A

More complex

69
Q

Do Eukaryotes have a nucleus

A

Yes

70
Q

Do Eukaryotes have a nuclei and a membrane bound organelle

A

Yes!

71
Q

Example of Eukaryotes

A

Us, dogs, plants, fungi

72
Q

Have many cells- cells are specialized and cannot live on their own

A

Multicellular organism

73
Q

Cells with specific jobs

A

Differentiated cells

74
Q

Tiny organs that make up cells

A

Organelle

75
Q

Groups of cell that perform the same function

A

Tissue

76
Q

A group of tissues that work together to perform a certain function

A

Organ

77
Q

A group of organs that work together

A

Organ system

78
Q

A group of organ systems that work together

A

Organism

79
Q

Where are ribosomes produced

A

In the Nucleus

80
Q

What synthesizes proteins

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

81
Q

Genetic information is stored in what cell

A

Nucleus

Biology (3 decks)

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