CELLS Flashcards
What is the living substance that composes the body of living organisms?
Protoplasm.
What terms describe organisms that consist of either one cell or many cells?
Single cell and multicellular.
What are the microscopic and variously shaped compartments into which protoplasm is partitioned?
Cells.
What is the study of the cell, its structure, and activities called?
Cytology (now known as Cell Biology).
What machine is used to cut thin sections of an organism’s body for cytological studies after the tissue is killed, preserved, and prepared?
Microtome.
What is another term for the unit of measurement used for cells, equivalent to one millionth of a meter?
Micrometers.
What is believed to be the largest egg, measuring about 80 millimeters in diameter?
The ostrich egg.
What are the principal parts of protoplasm that comprise one cell?
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, chromatin, nucleolus.
What is the living part of the cell called?
Protoplasm.
What is the name of the thin limiting membrane that encloses the cell?
Cell membrane (plasma membrane).
What is the term for the materials or matrix located between the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane?
Cytoplasm.
What is the term for the usually oval or spherical body found at or near the center of the cell that appears darker or more heavily stained?
Nucleus.
What is the term for the material found in the nucleus that may be granular or net-like and runs irregularly through the nucleus?
Chromatin.
What is the term for one or more spherical bodies found within the nucleus?
Nucleolus.
What are the different components of an egg
yolk, albumin, vitelline membrane, blastodisc (germinal disc), and chalaza
What is the term for the inner yellow portion of an egg that represents the egg cell (ovum)?
Yolk.
What is the term for the egg white that surrounds the yolk?
Albumin
What is the name of the thin, delicate membrane that surrounds the entire ovum?
Vitelline membrane.
What is the term for the minute island of whitish cytoplasm floating on the yolk that will give rise to a new individual?
Blastodisc (germinal disc).
What is the term for the twisted albumen found on the opposite poles of the yolk?
Chalaza.
What are the nonliving structures that form a network between individual plant cells and are chiefly composed of cellulose?
Cell walls.
What are the main components of plant cells (onion cell)
cell walls
cell membrane
vacuole
nucleus
What is the layer immediately beneath the cell wall that encloses the cell cytoplasm?
Cell membrane.
What is the central part of many plant cells that is primarily filled with water and salts?
Vacuole.
