CELLS

Question 1

What is the living substance that composes the body of living organisms?

Answer 1

Protoplasm.

Question 2

What terms describe organisms that consist of either one cell or many cells?

Answer 2

Single cell and multicellular.

Question 3

What are the microscopic and variously shaped compartments into which protoplasm is partitioned?

Answer 3

Cells.

Question 4

What is the study of the cell, its structure, and activities called?

Answer 4

Cytology (now known as Cell Biology).

Question 5

What machine is used to cut thin sections of an organism’s body for cytological studies after the tissue is killed, preserved, and prepared?

Answer 5

Microtome.

Question 6

What is another term for the unit of measurement used for cells, equivalent to one millionth of a meter?

Answer 6

Micrometers.

Question 7

What is believed to be the largest egg, measuring about 80 millimeters in diameter?

Answer 7

The ostrich egg.

Question 8

What are the principal parts of protoplasm that comprise one cell?

Answer 8

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, chromatin, nucleolus.

Question 9

What is the living part of the cell called?

Answer 9

Protoplasm.

Question 10

What is the name of the thin limiting membrane that encloses the cell?

Answer 10

Cell membrane (plasma membrane).

Question 11

What is the term for the materials or matrix located between the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane?

Answer 11

Cytoplasm.

Question 12

What is the term for the usually oval or spherical body found at or near the center of the cell that appears darker or more heavily stained?

Answer 12

Nucleus.

Question 13

What is the term for the material found in the nucleus that may be granular or net-like and runs irregularly through the nucleus?

Answer 13

Chromatin.

Question 14

What is the term for one or more spherical bodies found within the nucleus?

Answer 14

Nucleolus.

Question 15

What are the different components of an egg

Answer 15

yolk, albumin, vitelline membrane, blastodisc (germinal disc), and chalaza

Question 16

What is the term for the inner yellow portion of an egg that represents the egg cell (ovum)?

Answer 16

Yolk.

Question 17

What is the term for the egg white that surrounds the yolk?

Answer 17

Albumin

Question 18

What is the name of the thin, delicate membrane that surrounds the entire ovum?

Answer 18

Vitelline membrane.

Question 19

What is the term for the minute island of whitish cytoplasm floating on the yolk that will give rise to a new individual?

Answer 19

Blastodisc (germinal disc).

Question 20

What is the term for the twisted albumen found on the opposite poles of the yolk?

Answer 20

Chalaza.

Question 21

What are the nonliving structures that form a network between individual plant cells and are chiefly composed of cellulose?

Answer 21

Cell walls.

Question 22

What are the main components of plant cells (onion cell)

Answer 22

cell walls
cell membrane
vacuole
nucleus

Question 23

What is the layer immediately beneath the cell wall that encloses the cell cytoplasm?

Answer 23

Cell membrane.

Question 24

What is the central part of many plant cells that is primarily filled with water and salts?

Answer 24

Vacuole.

Question 25

What appears as a dense body in the translucent cytoplasm of a cell?

Answer 25

Nucleus.

Question 26

What are the key structures found in a plant cell (hydrilla leaf)?

Answer 26

Vacuole, chloroplasts, cytoplasm, cell wall, and nucleus.

Question 27

What are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis and contain chlorophyll for capturing light energy?

Answer 27

Chloroplasts.

Question 28

What is the dense, membrane-bound structure that contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities in a cell?

Answer 28

Nucleus.