Cells Flashcards
What are the main components included in a cell?
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria
These components are essential for the structure and function of a cell.
What did scientists discover about cells using microscopes?
Cells contain organelles
Organelles are specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct functions.
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
Contains all of the genetic information
The nucleus plays a critical role in regulating cell activities and maintaining genetic integrity.
What term is used to refer to parts within a cell?
Organelles
Organelles are often referred to as ‘little organs’ due to their specialized functions.
What is the role of mitochondria in a cell?
Helps us get energy through cellular respiration
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
What does cytoplasm do in a cell?
Holds all the organelles and breaks down nutrients
Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell and supports organelles.
How do plant cells differ from animal cells?
Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts
These structures are crucial for plant structure and photosynthesis.
What is the function of cell walls in plant cells?
To support the plant and help it stand upright
Cell walls provide rigidity and protection to plant cells.
What do chloroplasts do in plant cells?
Absorb light and produce food for plants
Chloroplasts are essential for photosynthesis.
What does the mitochondria do?
Helps us get energy through a process called cellular respiration.
What does the cytoplasm do?
It holds all of the organelles in the cell and breaks down nutrients.
What is the role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Passageways that carry materials from one part to another
The Endoplasmic Reticulum is involved in the synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids.
What do Golgi Bodies do?
Receive materials from the Endoplasmic Reticulum and can release materials outside the cell
Golgi Bodies modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
Why is the vacuole of a plant cell larger than that of an animal cell?
To store food and maintain turgor pressure
Plant vacuoles also help in storing nutrients and waste products.
What are ribosomes?
Small structures that function as factories to produce protein
Ribosomes can be found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum.
What is the function of lysosomes?
Break down food particles and worn-out cell parts
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that help in cellular waste disposal.
What are organelles made of?
Cell tissue
Organelles are specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct processes.
What is the purpose of the cell cycle?
Regulate sequence of growth to maturity
The cell cycle includes processes like mitosis and interphase.
Define prokaryotic organisms.
Organisms with no nucleus
Mostly bacteria.
What is mitosis?
Cell division
Mitosis occurs in eukaryotic organisms.
What type of organisms undergo mitosis?
Eukaryotic organisms
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
What happens during mitosis?
It makes identical cells
Mitosis can also repair damage.
What is interphase?
Cells replicating DNA
Interphase is a phase before mitosis.
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46 chromosomes
DNA is organized into chromosomes.
What occurs during prophase?
Chromosomes become more visible
This is the first stage of mitosis.
What is cytokinesis?
The final separation into 2 cells
Cytokinesis follows mitosis.
True or False: Cancer is uncontrolled cell growth.
True
Cancerous cells divide without regulation.
Why do cells stop growing?
They get too big
If cells become too large, the body won’t function properly.
Fill in the blank: Mitosis does not make _______.
sperm cells or eggs
Mitosis is for somatic cell division, not gametes.
