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ზισʅσɠყ ყ9 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Cells

A

Basic blocks of life

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2
Q

Cell membrane

A

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

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3
Q

Ribosome

A

Protein synthesis

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4
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains DNA arranged in chromosomes

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5
Q

mitochondria

A

Site of aerobic respiration

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6
Q

cytoplasm

A

jelly like fluid site of chemical reactions

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7
Q

Cell wall

A

Made of glucose gives plant extra strength

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8
Q

Vacuole

A

Filled with cell sap keeps the plant rigid

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9
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Site of photosynthesis

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10
Q

organ
organ system
dna
cell
tissue
place these in size order

A

dna cell tissue organ organ system

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11
Q

1mm in micrometres

A

1000 micrometres

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12
Q

1 micrometer in nano metres

A

1000 nanometres

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13
Q

order of magnitude

A

difference caculated in factors of 10, represented by standard form

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14
Q

uni cellular / multi cellular

A

an organism made of one cell/an organism made of multiple cells

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15
Q

tissues

A

a group of similar cells working together to perform a similar function

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16
Q

organ

A

a group of tissues working together to perform a similar function

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17
Q

organ system

A

a group of organs working together

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18
Q

magnification

A

how much bigger the actual size is compared to image size (m=i/a)

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19
Q

resolution

A

the ability to distinguish between two points clearly

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20
Q

prokaryote / prokaryotic cell

A

a cell without a nucleus , its dna is not organised into chromosomes (its dna exists in one long string)

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21
Q

eukaryote / eukaryotic cell

A

dna organised in chromosomes in a nucleus

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22
Q

nucleoid

A

naked dna , dna that is not org in a chromosome

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23
Q

specialised cell

A

a cell designed to carry out a specific function

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24
Q

differentiation

A

the process in which an unspecalised cell becomes specalised

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25
Q

stem cells

A

unspecialised cells that have the ability to differentiate

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26
Q

3 similarities between plant cells and animal cells

A

they both have a
- cytoplasm
- nucleus
- cell membrane
- ribosome
- mitochondria

27
Q

3 similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

-cell wall
-cell membrane
-cytoplasm

28
Q

3 differences prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

-eukaryotes are larger than prokaryotes (prokaryotes 0.2-2micrometres)
- only prokaryotes can have a nucleoid , plasmid, pili or capsule
- eukaryotes have a nucleus

29
Q

prokaryote cell wall

A

cellulose / chitin

30
Q

eukaryote cell wall

A

peptidoglycan

31
Q

flagellum

A

tail adapted for movement of cell

32
Q

pili

A

attaching to surfaces

33
Q

plasmids

A

small circular rings of dna

33
Q

capsule

A

prevents the cell from drying out

34
Q

sperm cells function and adaptations

A

function - fertilise an egg
adaptations - tail for movement, acrosome for breaking into egg

35
Q

nerve cells functions and adaptations

A

function - carries messages / electrical impulses for movement
adaptation - a gap in myelin sheath which allows nerve impulses to jump from gap to gap

36
Q

red blood cell functions and adaptations

A

function - transports oxygen from lungs to tissues
adaptations - tiny so easier to pass through capillaries, bioncave disc no nucleus

37
Q

hair root cell functions and adaptations

A

function - found on plant roots to absorb water and mineral ions
adaptation - long thin exchange surface no cuticle thin membrane easier to absorb

38
Q

palisade cells

A

function - absorb max amount of light possible
adaptation - near surface arranged end on

39
Q

phloem cells functions and adaptations

A

function :form columns / tubes from dead cells , movement of sugars
adaptations - small pores

40
Q

xylem cells

A

function - transports water from roots to rest of the plant
adaptation - lignin protein on inside keeps open under pressure

41
Q

onion cell practical instructions

A

1) using tweezers cut a piece of onion. break piece in half and tweeze off transparent layer
2)spread piece on a microscope slide
3)2 drops iodine
4) place coverslip ontop with tweezers use paper towel wipe off excess
5)objective lense to 40x

42
Q

Why should i lower the slide at an angle

A

prevents air bubbles

43
Q

risk assesment onion practical

A

handling sharp knife, staining with blue iodine

44
Q

rules of scientific drawing

A

1) use a pencil
2) no shading
3) smooth lines
4) labelling perpendicular

45
Q

embryonic stem cells

A

can become any type of specalised cell

46
Q

totipotent

A

can become any type of specalised cell

47
Q

adult stem cells / bone marrow

A

limited can only become a certain number of specalised cells

48
Q

multipotent

A

limited can only become a number of specalised cells

49
Q

meristem

A

tip of root/shoot, differentiated cells are formed here

50
Q

how to write a comparative statment

A

-mention both species
-however, whereas, on the other hand
-differences+similarities
-words ending in er (smaller bigger etc)

51
Q

therapeutic cloning

A

using stem cells for creation of body cells to treat disease

52
Q

benefits of destroying an embryo for stem cell research

A

totipotent, free people from incurable disease, stem cell from umbilica chord otherwise be discarded

53
Q

issues with destroying a embryo for stem cell research

A
  • creation artifical life is controversial
  • considered a loss of life
  • embryo cannot consent
  • unreliable technique
54
Q

where are eukaryotic cells found

A

animal plant fungi protists usually multi cellular organisms

55
Q

where are prokaryotes found

A

bacteria and archaea uni cellular organisms

56
Q

in the onion cell rqp name a hazard risk and mitigation attempt

A

iodine stain is an irritant so wash hands if in contact

knife can cut your skin so cut away from blade

57
Q

why is the coverslip lowered at an angle in the onion cell rqp

A

to prevent air bubbles

58
Q

why is the stain used in the onion cell rqp

A

to identify organelles clearly

59
Q

why is a thin layer of onion used in the onion cell rqp

A

cells are easier to see because light is let through

60
Q

What are the stages of the cell cycle

A

growth
dna replication + mitosis
division

61
Q

what happens in the first stage of the cell cycle

A

cell grows and increases number of sub cellular structures (ribosomes mitochondria)

62
Q

what happens in stage 2 of the cell cycle

A

dna condenses into chromosones and chromosones are duplicated to daughter cells

63
Q

what happens in stage 3 of the cell cycle

A

spindle fibres attach to the chromosones . they are lined up at the equator of the cell and pulled apart by fibres towards poles (daughter chromosone goes one way og chromosome another). the cell splits at each pole, now two cells containing identical dna

ზισʅσɠყ ყ9 (2 decks)

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