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Bio > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Active site

A

A region of an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction. Their shape needs to be exact

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2
Q

Active transport

A

The movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high which requires energy

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3
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Respiration in the presence of oxygen

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4
Q

Anabolic enzyme

A

An enzyme that takes small molecules and joins them together

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5
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

Respiration with limited oxygen

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6
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate is the energy carrier molecule in all living cells

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7
Q

Catabolic enzyme

A

An enzyme which takes large molecules and breaks them up

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8
Q

Cell

A

Basic building blocks/units of life. The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism

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9
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change

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10
Q

Cell Cycle

A

A series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication

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11
Q

Cell wall

A

Rigid layer of cells found only in plants

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12
Q

Chlorophyll

A

Pigment found in plants which gives the plant its green colour

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13
Q

Chloroplast

A

Membrane-bound organelle that conducts photosynthesis

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14
Q

Cristae

A

Part of mitochondria (the folds) where the electron transfer chain occurs

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15
Q

Denature

A

The changing in the shape of the active site of an enzyme, so the substrate can no longer fit - caused by high temperatures and incorrect pH

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16
Q

Full name for DNA

A

Deoxyribose nucleic acid

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17
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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18
Q

DNA

A

The genetic material of most living organisms. It plays a central role in the determination of hereditary characteristics by controlling protein synthesis in cells. It has a double helix shape.

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19
Q

DNA replication

A

The copying of DNA before the cell divides

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20
Q

Enzyme

A

Biological catalysts which speed up biochemical reactions in an organism

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21
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

A form of passive transport where molecules move across the cell membrane through the membrane proteins

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22
Q

Flaccid

A

A cell that is limp and floppy

23
Q

G1 of cell cycle

A

The stage in the cell cycle where the cell grows and does its job

24
Q

G2 of cell cycle

A

The stage in the cell cycle where the replicated chromosomes are checked for mistakes

25
Q

Golgi body

A

Part of a cell where proteins are modified and packaged

26
Q

Grana

A

Part of chloroplast where the light stage occurs

27
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

A solution with a high concentration of solute, therefore a low concentration of water

28
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

A solution with a low concentration of solute, therefore a high concentration of water

29
Q

Induced fit model

A

The enzyme model where the enzyme changes its shape after bonding with the substrate

30
Q

Inhibitors

A

Poisons that bind to the active site of enzymes and stop them working

31
Q

Ion Pump

A

The transportation of ion against a concentration gradient through a membrane using the energy from ATP.

32
Q

Isotonic solution

A

A solution which has the same osmolarity or solute concentration as another solution

33
Q

Lock and key model

A

The model explaining how enzymes work where the enzyme is a rigid structure

34
Q

Matrix

A

Part of the mitochondria where the citric acid cycle occurs

35
Q

Mitochondria

A

Organelles found in the cytoplasm which are the site of cellular respiration [well after the glucose is broken in the cytoplasm]

36
Q

Mitosis

A

A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same identical chromosomes as the parent cell

37
Q

Nucleotides

A

Basic building block of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. An organic compound made up of nitrogenous base, a sugar and a phosphate group

38
Q

Organelle

A

An membrane bound organised and specialised structure found within cells

39
Q

Osmosis

A

The movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

40
Q

Palisade layer

A

Part of the leaf where most chloroplasts are found, so most photosynthesis occurs here

41
Q

Passive transport

A

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration which doesn’t require energy

42
Q

Phagocytosis

A

A form of active transport by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a solid particle

43
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Enzyme controlled process occurring in plants that uses energy from sunlight to fix carbon dioxide and water in the production of glucose

44
Q

Pinocytosis

A

A process of taking in fluid into the cell by forming narrow channels through its membrane that pinch off into vesicles

45
Q

Protein

A

Any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds which have large molecules composed of one or more chains of amino acids.

46
Q

Respiration

A

Enzyme controlled process that produces energy [ATP] from the breakdown of glucose

47
Q

Ribosomes

A

Part of cell where protein synthesis occurs

48
Q

S stage of cell cycle

A

The stage in the cell cycle where the DNA is replicated

49
Q

Semi conservative replication

A

The name that describes the fact that the new DNA molecule being one strand new and one strand old

50
Q

Semi permeable membrane

A

A membrane that allows some substances to pass through it but not others

51
Q

Stroma

A

Part of chloroplast where the dark stage occurs

52
Q

Substrate

A

A molecule upon which an enzyme acts

53
Q

Turgid

A

A cell that is it is swollen, bloated, puffed up or inflated

Bio (7 decks)

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