Cells

Question 1

Active site

Answer 1

A region of an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction. Their shape needs to be exact

Question 2

Active transport

Answer 2

The movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high which requires energy

Question 3

Aerobic respiration

Answer 3

Respiration in the presence of oxygen

Question 4

Anabolic enzyme

Answer 4

An enzyme that takes small molecules and joins them together

Question 5

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 5

Respiration with limited oxygen

Question 6

ATP

Answer 6

Adenosine triphosphate is the energy carrier molecule in all living cells

Question 7

Catabolic enzyme

Answer 7

An enzyme which takes large molecules and breaks them up

Question 8

Cell

Answer 8

Basic building blocks/units of life. The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism

Question 9

Catalyst

Answer 9

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change

Question 10

Cell Cycle

Answer 10

A series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication

Question 11

Cell wall

Answer 11

Rigid layer of cells found only in plants

Question 12

Chlorophyll

Answer 12

Pigment found in plants which gives the plant its green colour

Question 13

Chloroplast

Answer 13

Membrane-bound organelle that conducts photosynthesis

Question 14

Cristae

Answer 14

Part of mitochondria (the folds) where the electron transfer chain occurs

Question 15

Denature

Answer 15

The changing in the shape of the active site of an enzyme, so the substrate can no longer fit - caused by high temperatures and incorrect pH

Question 16

Full name for DNA

Answer 16

Deoxyribose nucleic acid

Question 17

Diffusion

Answer 17

The movement of materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 18

DNA

Answer 18

The genetic material of most living organisms. It plays a central role in the determination of hereditary characteristics by controlling protein synthesis in cells. It has a double helix shape.

Question 19

DNA replication

Answer 19

The copying of DNA before the cell divides

Question 20

Enzyme

Answer 20

Biological catalysts which speed up biochemical reactions in an organism

Question 21

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 21

A form of passive transport where molecules move across the cell membrane through the membrane proteins

Question 22

Flaccid

Answer 22

A cell that is limp and floppy

Question 23

G1 of cell cycle

Answer 23

The stage in the cell cycle where the cell grows and does its job

Question 24

G2 of cell cycle

Answer 24

The stage in the cell cycle where the replicated chromosomes are checked for mistakes

Question 25

Golgi body

Answer 25

Part of a cell where proteins are modified and packaged

Question 26

Grana

Answer 26

Part of chloroplast where the light stage occurs

Question 27

Hypertonic solution

Answer 27

A solution with a high concentration of solute, therefore a low concentration of water

Question 28

Hypotonic solution

Answer 28

A solution with a low concentration of solute, therefore a high concentration of water

Question 29

Induced fit model

Answer 29

The enzyme model where the enzyme changes its shape after bonding with the substrate

Question 30

Inhibitors

Answer 30

Poisons that bind to the active site of enzymes and stop them working

Question 31

Ion Pump

Answer 31

The transportation of ion against a concentration gradient through a membrane using the energy from ATP.

Question 32

Isotonic solution

Answer 32

A solution which has the same osmolarity or solute concentration as another solution

Question 33

Lock and key model

Answer 33

The model explaining how enzymes work where the enzyme is a rigid structure

Question 34

Matrix

Answer 34

Part of the mitochondria where the citric acid cycle occurs

Question 35

Mitochondria

Answer 35

Organelles found in the cytoplasm which are the site of cellular respiration [well after the glucose is broken in the cytoplasm]

Question 36

Mitosis

Answer 36

A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same identical chromosomes as the parent cell

Question 37

Nucleotides

Answer 37

Basic building block of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. An organic compound made up of nitrogenous base, a sugar and a phosphate group

Question 38

Organelle

Answer 38

An membrane bound organised and specialised structure found within cells

Question 39

Osmosis

Answer 39

The movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 40

Palisade layer

Answer 40

Part of the leaf where most chloroplasts are found, so most photosynthesis occurs here

Question 41

Passive transport

Answer 41

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration which doesn't require energy

Question 42

Phagocytosis

Answer 42

A form of active transport by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a solid particle

Question 43

Photosynthesis

Answer 43

Enzyme controlled process occurring in plants that uses energy from sunlight to fix carbon dioxide and water in the production of glucose

Question 44

Pinocytosis

Answer 44

A process of taking in fluid into the cell by forming narrow channels through its membrane that pinch off into vesicles

Question 45

Protein

Answer 45

Any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds which have large molecules composed of one or more chains of amino acids.

Question 46

Respiration

Answer 46

Enzyme controlled process that produces energy [ATP] from the breakdown of glucose

Question 47

Ribosomes

Answer 47

Part of cell where protein synthesis occurs

Question 48

S stage of cell cycle

Answer 48

The stage in the cell cycle where the DNA is replicated

Question 49

Semi conservative replication

Answer 49

The name that describes the fact that the new DNA molecule being one strand new and one strand old

Question 50

Semi permeable membrane

Answer 50

A membrane that allows some substances to pass through it but not others

Question 51

Stroma

Answer 51

Part of chloroplast where the dark stage occurs

Question 52

Substrate

Answer 52

A molecule upon which an enzyme acts

Question 53

Turgid

Answer 53

A cell that is it is swollen, bloated, puffed up or inflated