Cells Flashcards
What is the function of the ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
What is the function of the mitochondria?
The site of aerobic respiration which synthesises ATP.
What is the function of the chloroplast?
Site of photosynthesis which synthesises glucose
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Synthesis of rRNA and ribosomes
What is the function of the SER?
The synthesis and transport of lipids
What is the function of the golgi body?
Chemically modifies (eg producing glycoproteins) and packages proteins into vesicles for secretion out of the cell. Produces lysosomes.
What is the function of the centrioles
Are used in spindle formation in cell division in animals
What is the function of the lysosomes?
Contain digestive enzymes. These can be used to destroy old organelles
or digest material which has been taken into the cell
What is the function of the cell wall?
Prevents osmotic lysis
What is the function of the plasmodesmata?
Allows communication and exchange of large organic materials between adjacent plant cells
Draw and label a mitochondrion
Mitochondria consist of an outer and inner double membrane; intermembrane space; cristae; matrix; DNA and ribosomes.
Draw and label a chloroplast
Chloroplasts consist of a double outer membrane containing stroma with ribosomes, lipid, circular DNA and possibly starch. Through the stroma are parallel flattened sacs, thylakoids, stacked in places as grana. Between the grana the thylakoids form lamellae.
Which organelles in a eukaryotic cell contain DNA?
Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts (if a plant cell)
What is the name of the membrane around a vacuole?
Tonoplast
Which organelles are found in plant cells but not animal cells?
chloroplasts, cell wall and plasmodesmata, large vacuole and tonoplast.
Which organelle is found in animal cells but not plant cells?
centrioles
Give the organelles involved in protein synthesis and secretion from the cell in order
Nucleus (contains coding DNA), mRNA travels to ribosomes (synthesise proteins), proteins travel to golgi body (processed and packaged into vesicles), vesicles travel to cell membrane, mitochondria provide ATP as energy for exocytosis
How are eukaryotic cells different to prokaryotic cells?
They contain membrane bound organelles, including the nucleus. They have linear rather than circular DNA and larger 80s ribosomes
What is a prokaryotic cell wall made of?
Murein/peptidoglycan (same thing)
Where does aerobic respiration happen in a prokaryotic cell?
infoldings of the cell membrane, called mesosomes
What is the structure of a virus?
Viruses consist of DNA or RNA, not both, enclosed in a protein coat called a capsid. Some viruses also have an outer lipoprotein envelope, e.g. the influenza virus and HIV.
Are viruses alive? Explain your answer
No, because they do not perform all the requirements for life (MRS GREN)
What is a tissue?
A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function
What is an organ?
A group of different tissues working together to perform a specific function
What are the three types of muscle and what do they each do?
Skeletal/striated (contracts to move skeleton), smooth (contraction is involuntary, eg in blood vessels and digestive system) and cardiac (in the heart)
What are the three types of epithelial tissue, and where are they found in humans?
Columnar (in digestive system, or ciliated columnar in trachea and bronchi), cuboidal (in kidney tubules) and squamous (thin and flat for diffusion in alveoli or lining blood vessels)
What is the function of cilia?
Waft mucus containing bacteria up the trachea to be swallowed (or eggs along the fallopian tubes)
What is the function of microvilli?
Increase the surface area for absorption
