cells Flashcards
binary fission 3 marks
- Replication of circular DNA
- Replication of plasmids.
- Division of cytoplasm and memb to produce daughter cells.
light microsope
how it works
3d or c
magnification
resolution
light is condensed-living or dead
2d
1500x magnification
200nm resolution
Transmission electron microsope
how it works- sample
3d or c
magnification
resolution
beam of electrons condesed- thin thick alive doesnt matter
2d
200,000 mag
20nm
scanning electron microsope
how it works
3d or c
magnification
resolution
beam of electrons condesed- thin dead in vaccum
3d
2 million
2nm
what protien osmosis,simple and passive diffusion, active transport
osmosis- channel
simple diff- carrier or channel
facciliated diff- both
active transport- carrier
mitosis
1- interphase signal to replicate not yet visibile chromo to chromotids
2- prophase begin to condense
3-meta- lineup and spindles grow and attach to centromere
4-ana- chromotids are seperated
5-telo- new memebrane forms around chromosomes and interor divides
6-cyto- seperation into 2 diploids
EQUATIONS
1- mitoctic index
2- time of each stage
1-
cells in mitoisis/total cells times 100
2-
no of cells in stage/total cells times length of cycle
hiv replication
1- entry of lipid envelope by attaching to cd4 on t helper cell and lipid envelope fuses to cd4
2- rna to dna by rna transcriptase a
3- viral dna enters host cell nucleus and dna incoroprates
4- cell will undergo protien sytheisis coding for a viral protien
5-viral particle exits the host cell by budding off a section of the lipid envelope- so t helper cell cant recognise
elisa test- antigen at bottom
1- antigens are stick at the bottom of well and sample of paitent is added
2- antibodies from paitent should bind to the antigen
3- rinse to remove unbound antigbodies
4- add antibodie and enzyme complex
5- rinse- to remove enzymes that havent binded so the colour change is accurate- stength wise/if even present bc if it isnt present there will be np binding of enzymes
6- add substrate for enzyme and colour change should happen
simple diffusion bi layer
small non polar(not charged)
lipid soluble
faccilated diffusion bilayer
large
charged
osmosis
soluble
active transport
large
charged