Cells

Question 1

What is a cell?

Answer 1

Smallest, most basic unit of life.

Question 2

How did microscope technology contribute to cell knowledge?

Answer 2

Given people a further understanding of cell structure.

Question 3

What are the 3 laws of cell theory?

Answer 3

1. All living things are made of cells.
2. Cells are the smallest living thing that can perform the functions of life.
3. All cells come from other cells

Question 4

What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?

Answer 4

Unicellular organisms have only one cell, while multicellular organisms have more than one cell.

Question 5

What are the levels of organization throughout the body?

Answer 5

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.

Question 6

Name the different parts of a compound microscope.

Answer 6

Eye piece (ocular lens), arm, stage, stage clips, objective lenses, light, base, coarse adjustment knob, fine adjustment knob.

Question 7

Name the different organelles found in cells

Answer 7

Nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, cell membrane, Golgi apparatus, chloroplast, cell wall.

Question 8

Describe mitochondria and what it looks like.

Answer 8

Powerhouse of the cell, apparently looks like a bread roll.

Question 8

Describe nucleus and what it looks like.

Answer 8

The control center of the cell, looks like a sphere thing with a dot in the middle.

Question 9

Describe endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 9

Tube that transports proteins from the nucleus to other parts of the cell. There is a rough kind and a smooth kind. The rough kind has ribosomes. It looks like a windy road of tubes.

Question 10

Describe cell membrane.

Answer 10

A layer on the outside of the cell that chooses when to let things in and out. This is referred to as semi permeable. It looks like a wall that is the outside layer on a animal, but the second outside on a plant because plants have the cell walls.

Question 11

Describe Golgi apparatus and what it looks like.

Answer 11

Also known as Golgi body. Packages and transports stuff around the cell and labels it for where it needs to go.

Question 12

Describe chloroplast.

Answer 12

PLANT ONLY. Absorbs light and energy from the sun which is used in a process called photosynthesis.

Question 13

Describe cell wall.

Answer 13

PLANT ONLY. A rigid outside layer that holds the structure of the cells.

Question 14

Describe a cytoplasm and what it looks like.

Answer 14

A jelly like substance that holds all the organelles inside and allows different substances to move around the cell.

Question 15

Describe a vacuole and what it looks like.

Answer 15

Stores water and nutrients. In diagrams looks like a hole or a pool of liquid.

Question 16

What is the difference between plant and animal cells?

Answer 16

Plant cells have other organelles such as cell wall and chloroplasts.

Question 17

What are the similarities between plant and animal cells?

Answer 17

Both contain nucleus and other main organelles.

Question 18

What are prokaryote and eukaryote cells and what is an example of each?

Answer 18

Prokaryote (meaning pre nucleus) are always unicellular and is identified by the absence of nucleus and membrane bound organelles (e.g. archaea). Eukaryotes can be multi or unicellular, and always have a nucleus (e.g. plant or animal).

Question 19

What is a specialised cell?

Answer 19

Cells that are made to perform a specific role. An example of this is red blood cells.

Question 20

How have specialised cells adapted to do their role?

Answer 20

Specialised cells have adapted to different jobs by doing things like having more mitochondria, special structures and different shapes.

Question 21

What are different types of stem cells?

Answer 21

Pluripotent stem cells are those that can become any type of cell in the body. They are found in embryos that are just a few days old. Adult (aka tissue specific) stem cells can become any of the cell type of the tissue that they are found in.

Question 22

What is the use of stem cells in science?

Answer 22

To repair damaged cells.

Question 23

What is the process of materials moving in and out of the cell called?

Answer 23

Diffusion. It is the process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.