Cells

Question 1

Mitochondrion

Answer 1

cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use

Question 2

Cell

Answer 2

basic unit of all forms of life

Question 3

Organ System

Answer 3

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

Question 4

Cell Theory

Answer 4

fundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells; that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and that new cells are produced from existing cells

Question 5

Cell Wall

Answer 5

strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells

Question 6

Ribosome

Answer 6

cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis

Question 7

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 7

internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled

Question 8

Hypertonic

Answer 8

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes

Question 9

Chloroplast

Answer 9

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

Question 10

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 10

organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell

Question 11

Osmosis

Answer 11

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 12

Organ

Answer 12

group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions

Question 13

Cell Membrane

Answer 13

thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Question 14

Prokaryote

Answer 14

unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus

Question 15

Isotonic

Answer 15

when the concentration of two solutions is the same

Question 16

Nucleus

Answer 16

in cells, structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA

Question 17

Tissue

Answer 17

group of similar cells that perform a particular function

Question 18

Vacuole

Answer 18

cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Question 19

Eukaryote

Answer 19

organism whose cells contain a nucleus

Question 20

Lipid

Answer 20

macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes

Question 21

Homeostasis

Answer 21

relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain

Question 22

Hypotonic

Answer 22

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes

Question 23

Selectively Permeable

Answer 23

property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot; also called semipermeable membrane

Question 24

Diffusion

Answer 24

process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated

Question 25

Lysosome

Answer 25

cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can used by the rest of the cell

Question 26

Cytoplasm

Answer 26

fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus