Cells Flashcards
What does the nucleus do?
Controls the activities of the cell. It contains genetic material (DNA)
What is the mitochondria?
mitochondria hold enzymes needed for Aerobic respiration
What do chloroplasts do?
the
chloroplasts Contain a pigment called chlorophyll, which absorbs light to provide energy for
photosynthesis.
What does the cell wall do?
Helps to strengthen the cell and provides support for the plant.
What does cell membrane do?
Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
What does cytoplasm do?
A jelly-like substance that fills the cell, where most chemical reactions occur.
What does the flagellum do?
A tail-like structure that allows bacteria to move around.
What does a permeant vacuole contain?
Filled with cell sap to keep the cell rigid to support the plant.
What are plasmids?
Plasmids are small rings of DNA that code for specific features, such as antibiotic
resistance.
What is a root cell? And what are its functions and adaptations?
Function: To absorb water and
minerals from the soil.
Adaptations: Long protrusion fits between grains of soil and provides a large surface area for the absorption of water and minerals into the cell.
What is a palisade cell and what are its functions and adaptation?
Function: To carry out photosynthesis and make food for the
plant.
Adaptations: Lots of chloroplasts to absorb light energy for photosynthesis. Its tall, long shape gives the cell a large surface area to
maximise the absorption of light.
What is a sperm cell and what are its functions and adaptations?
Function: To travel to and fuse with an egg cell for
fertilisation.
Adaptations: Long tail for movement to the egg and lots of mitochondria to release energy to allow
the sperm to move.
What is a nerve cell and what are its functions and adaptations?
Function: To carry nerve impulses
around the body.
Adaptations: Long fibres carry electrical impulses up and down the body and branching dendrites at each end connect to other
nerves or muscles.
What is a ciliated epithelial cell and what are its functions and adaptations?
Functions: To move mucus away
from the lungs.
Adaptations: Tiny hairs called cilia to help waft mucus along the airways. Lots of mitochondria
release energy for the cilia to move.
What is a red blood cell and what are its functions and adaptations?
Functions: To transport oxygen
around the body.
Adaptations: Biconcave shape increases the surface area for the diffusion of oxygen. No nucleus so that there is more room for haemoglobin, which binds oxygen
molecules.
