cells

Question 1

Active transport

Answer 1

the movement of particles against the concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using energy.

Question 2

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 2

Respiration with oxygen for the complete breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water; energy is released in the form of ATP and heat.

Question 3

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 3

respiration without oxygen for the complete breakdown of glucose into ATP and lactic acid

Question 4

ATP

Answer 4

ATP is a form of chemical energy and is the main source of energy for organisms

Question 5

Cristae

Answer 5

The folded inner membrane in a mitochondria, increases surface area to increase ATP production. The cristae is the site of the electron transfer chain.

Question 6

Concentration gradient

Answer 6

The measure of how high concentration is, The higher the concentration gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion.

Question 7

Diffusion

Answer 7

Diffusion is the random movement of particles (gas or liquid) from an area of high concentration to and area of low concentration.

Question 8

Electron Transfer Chain

Answer 8

the third chemical pathway, occurs in the cristae of the mitochondria. The third stage of aerobic respiration produces the most ATP.

Question 9

Enzymes

Answer 9

Enzymes are proteins which are made of amino acids which are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions. Enzymes have active sites which is the area where the substrate molecule fits into an enzyme.

Question 10

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 10

Facilitated diffusion is when substances move across membranes by diffusion, but faster than is possible from their concentration gradient alone.This is due to carrier or transport proteins that are embedded in the membrane that creates channels for substances to pass through more quickly

Question 11

Glycolysis

Answer 11

the first chemical pathway, occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and is the only step in anaerobic respiration. Each glucose molecule is broken down into two ATP molecules.

Question 12

Krebs cycle

Answer 12

the second chemical pathway, occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria. Hydrogen atoms are produced and carbon dioxide atoms are a waste product and diffuses out of the mitochondria.

Question 13

Light dependent pathway

Answer 13

first chemical pathway and occurs in the thylakoid membranes. Water is split into hydrogen and oxygen.

Question 14

Light independent pathway

Answer 14

second chemical pathway occurs in the stroma (liquid matrix of the chloroplast. Glucose is formed as a final product.

Question 15

matrix

Answer 15

fluid inside the inner membrane of the mitochondria and contains enzymes that help in the Krebs cycles reactions.

Question 16

mitochondria

Answer 16

the mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell. It is the site of aerobic respiration, where oxygen is used to completely break down glucose into ATP, water, and carbon dioxide. The mitochondria has its own DNA which is passed down through maternal lines.

Question 17

mitosis

Answer 17

process of which a parent cell divides to create two new identical daughter cells exactly the same as the parent cell. Used for growth and repair.

Question 18

Osmosis

Answer 18

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. The water molecules move across a semi-permeable membrane.

Question 19

Photosynthesis

Answer 19

The process of creating carbon dioxide and water from glucose, oxygen, and sunlight.

Question 20

semi-permeable membrane

Answer 20

a membrane that only allows some molecules through

Question 21

passive transport

Answer 21

the transportation of molecules with the concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 22

osmoregulation

Answer 22

the maintenance of correct water levels inside a cell/organism.

Question 23

grana

Answer 23

a stack of thylakoids where light is trapped and used to split the water molecule into oxygen and hydrogen

Question 24

chloroplast

Answer 24

the structure found in plants which is the site where photosynthesis occurs.

Question 25

chlorophyll

Answer 25

the green pigmentation in plants needed for photosynthesis

Question 26

stroma

Answer 26

the space inside chloroplasts

Question 27

respiration

Answer 27

the process by which living cells break down large molecules to release energy in the form of ATP

Question 28

DNA replication

Answer 28

when chromosomes are copied to give the same genetic code to every new cell that is made. It is the base pairing mechanism that allows DNA to replicate.