Cells Flashcards
Membrane enclosing the nucleus
Nuclear envelope
DNA plus associated proteins
Chromatin
Condensed region where ribosomes are formed
Nucleolus
Metabolizes waste
Karla - Peroxisome
ER that is associated with ribosomes; makes secretory and membrane proteins
Rough
ER that makes lipids
Smooth
Form the mitotic spindle and maintain cell shape
Microtubules
Microtubule organizing center
Centrosome
Fibrous proteins that form the cellular cortex
Microfilaments
Digests food
Lysosome
Powerhouse of the cell
Pag nasala ka di pag shift to oi (eme)
Mitochondria
Why are cells small
To have great surface area to allow greater exchange of materials
Cell coat
Cell’s molecular fingerprint
Glycocalyx
Different types of movement across plasma membrane
- Simple diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion
- Osmosis
- Filtration
- Active transport
- Endocytosis
- Exocytosis
Two types of passive transport
Simple and Facilitated diffusion
Two types of facilitated diffusion
Specific transporter and Aquaporins
Does not need energy for molecules to pass through a membrane
Simple diffusion and passive transport
How water molecules move across a semipermeable membrane that separates the two solutions
Osmosis
Movement of fluid across a membrane as a result of pressure
Filtration
Uses ATP to move molecules against concentration gradient
Active transport
a process by which cells absorb external material by engulfing it with the cell membrane.
Endocytosis
Three types of endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Nonspecific uptake of solid material
Phagocytosis
Nonspecific uptake of small droplets of ECF
Pinocytosis
Involves a specific receptor protein on the plasma membrane that recognizes the extracellular molecule and binds with it
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Involves the regular secretion of molecules and is performed by all cells
Constitutive exocytosis
Relies on the presence of extracellular signals for the expulsion of materials within vesicles and occurs commonly in secretory cells
Regulated exocytosis
a form of bulk transport during which large numbers of molecules are transported out of the cell
Exocytosis
Packaging, sorting, and export
Golgi apparatus
Storage sacs
Vacuoles and vesicles
Fluid suspending all organelles and dissolved molecules
Cytosol
Contain hydrolases that digest organic molecules under acidic conditions
Lysosomes
Directs chemical reactions in cell by transcribing genetic information and is continuous with the ER
Nucleus
Protein workbenches
Ribosomes
an intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein, and it is the site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
A microbody that contains catalase, which breaks down H2O2 into water and oxygen
Peroxisome
Chromosome movement during cell division
Microtubule
Maintain cell shape and orientation of organelles
Intermediate filaments
Muscle contraction and mechanical support
Microfillaments
Signalling structures
Exosomes
Speculated to perform nuclear-cytoplasmic transport
Vaults
