Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

L2 NCEA externals > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Cellular respiration

A

The breakdown of organic molecules (such as fat carbohydrates) which make up proteins to produce energy. (preferred source of pathway= glucose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Cell

A

The smallest unit of life which completes all MRS GREN functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Organelle

A

A specialised membrane enclosed structure within a cell to perform certain task(s).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mitochondria

A

Cell organelle located in cytoplasm responsible for aerobic respiration and ATP recycling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Cell outer membrane made from a phospholipid bi-layer and proteins which defines shape, controls internal environment and enables transport in / out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chloroplast

A

Plant cell organelle containing chlorophyll where photosynthesis reactions occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ribosome

A

Small structure located in cytoplasm or on Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) where proteins are synthesised / built.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Gel substance filling cells which suspends all organelles, and where all non-organelle specific processes occur (e.g anaerobic respiration).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cell Wall

A

Rigid outer structure of plant cells, made of cellulose and provides support.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

Enzyme controlled process within Mitochondria organelles using Oxygen to release and convert energy from glucose for the purpose of recycling many ATP molecules. Waste products are easily removed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

A

Process in the cell cytoplasm to release and convert energy from Glucose without Oxygen. Does not recycle many ATP molecules, and produces additional waste products which must be metabolized in other processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Enzyme controlled process within Chloroplast organelles using sunlight (UV) energy to break apart H2O and recombine H+ with CO2 into Glucose, and Oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O –(UV/ chlorophyll)–> C6H12O6 + 6O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Limiting Factor

A

An environmental factor found in low supply which causes a reduction in the rate of reaction of a life process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Denature

A

To alter the shape of a protein / enzyme by breaking the bonds holding it together, making it unable to carry out its function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Passive Transport

A

The movement of ions or molecules across a membrane from a region of high concentration towards low concentration which does not require additional energy.

17
Q

Active Transport

A

The movement of ions or molecules across a membrane from low towards higher concentration which does require additional energy and is assisted by proteins / enzymes.

18
Q

Diffusion

A

The passive, and random, movements of particles and molecules from an area of high concentration towards low until an equilibrium is reached.

19
Q

Osmosis

A

The passive movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of high concentration towards low through a facilitating protein.

20
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Diffusion with the assistance or a carrier protein which does not require net additional energy.

21
Q

Cytosis

A

Active transport of greater amounts of substances through engulfment by a membrane and formation of vesicles to be released on the other side.

22
Q

Tonicity

A

A comparison of solute/solvent concentrations between fluids on either side of a membrane.

23
Q

Hypertonic

A

Having a higher solute concentration than solvent.
[solute] > [solvent]

24
Q

Isotonic

A

Having equal solute and solvent concentrations.
[solute] = [solvent]

25
Q

Hypotonic

A

Having a lower solute concentration than solvent.
[solute] < [solvent]

26
Q

DNA

A

A self-replicating molecule which is the main part of chromosomes and carries the full genetic code information.

27
Q

Nucleotide

A

The basic monomer building block of nucleic acid molecules (DNA & RNA) made of nitrogenous base (A-T/U, G-C), a phosphate group, and a sugar (Deoxyribose or Ribose).

28
Q

Base

A

Functional component of a nucleotide, and code component of genetic information.

29
Q

Protein

A

Long chain of amino acids folded and bound in a specific shape to perform a particular biological task.

30
Q

Enzyme

A

A class of proteins which act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions.

31
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that increases the rate of a reaction by reducing activation energy requirements and/or improving reactant alignment, without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. A single catalyst molecule can be reused in many repeats of the reaction.

32
Q

Active site

A

A region on an enzyme that binds to a specific target substrate to perform its catalyst function.

33
Q

Mitosis

A

A type of cell division that produces 2 daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes, and genetic information, as the parent cell.

33
Q

Substrate

A

A molecule upon which an enzyme acts.

34
Q

DNA Replication

A

The semi-conservative process of producing genetically identical copies of chromosomes using the original DNA as templates for the new.

35
Q

Cell cycle

A

Growth -> DNA Replication -> Mitosis -> Cytokinesis -> Growth->…

36
Q

Semi-Conservative

A

Replicated DNA has 1 side original nucleotides and the other side is newly constructed.

37
Q

Anti-Parallel

A

Two sides of DNA run 5’ -> 3’ in opposing directions.

38
Q

Leading Strand

A

Replicated side of DNA built 5’ -> 3’ following the splitting enzyme in a continuous process.

39
Q

Lagging Strand

A

Replicated side of DNA built 5’ -> 3’ away from the splitting enzyme in a discontinuous process of segments.

40
Q

Okazaki Fragment

A

Sections of DNA replicated against the lagging strand which need to be joined together in later steps.

L2 NCEA externals (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions