cells

Question 1

name the two cell types

Answer 1

gametes
somatic cells

Question 2

define somatic cells

Answer 2

all body cells excluding gametes (sex cells)
- skin cell, white blood cell, muscle cell, liver cell etc
- diploid

Question 3

define diploid

Answer 3

(2n)
contains homologous pairs of chromosomes

Question 4

define gametes

Answer 4

sex cells (egg and sperm)
-haploid

Question 5

define haploid

Answer 5

(n)
contains an unpaired set of chromosomes (1 of each homologous pair)

Question 6

what is the cell cycles

Answer 6

the series of events that take place in a eukaryotic cell (primarily interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis)

Question 7

interphase

Answer 7

consists of G1, S and G2

Question 8

what happens in G1 of interphase

Answer 8

normal cell functions, growth and preparation to divide

Question 9

what happens in S phase of interphase

Answer 9

DNA replication
- the number of chromosomes remains the same
- the mass of DNA doubles

Question 10

what happens in G2 of interphase

Answer 10

normal cell functions, growth and preparation to divide

Question 11

what are chromosomes made up of

Answer 11

DNA ( and proteins if in eukaryotic cell)

Question 12

why can’t prokaryotic cells undergo mitosis

Answer 12

Because mitosis is a nuclear division
Then prokaryotes do not have a nucleus
Therefore prokaryotic cells cannot undergo nuclear division

Question 13

purpose of mitosis

Answer 13

growth, repair and replacement of cells

Question 14

function of spindle fibres

Answer 14

1. attaches to the centromeres of chromosomes in metaphase during mitosis
2. pulls sister chromatids apart to opposite poles of the cell in anaphase during mitosis

Question 15

function of centrosomes

Answer 15

forms spindle fibres for nuclear division (mitosis) in animal cells

Question 16

what are centrosomes

Answer 16

each centrosomes are made up of two centrioles at right angles to one another

Question 17

define cytokinesis

Answer 17

division of the cytosol which results in the formation of two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and the original parent cell

• the plasma membeane pinches together in the middle in order to create two new cells
  -produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and the parent cell

Question 18

meiosis

Answer 18

a form of nuclear division that produces 4 genetically different haploid daughter cells

Question 19

purpose of meiosis

Answer 19

to produce haploid gametes for sexual reproduction

Question 20

where does mitosis and meiosis occur?

Answer 20

mitosis: somatic cells
meiosis: ovaries, testes

Question 21

how many daughter cells are produced in mitosis and meiosis after cytokinesis

Answer 21

mitosis: 2 genetically identical
meiosis: 4 genetically different

Question 22

are diploid or haploid daughter cells produced in mitosis and meiosis

Answer 22

mitosis: diploid (2n=46)
meiosis: haploid (n=23)