Cells

Question 1

How do we know an organism is alive?

Answer 1

• need energy * respond and adapt to their environment * reproduce * grow * produce wastes

Question 2

What do people and plants need energy for?

Answer 2

Moving, daily life functions mainly the muscles and brain. Moving, the production of sugars

Question 3

How do people and plants respond and adapt to their environment?

Answer 3

We move, shiver, and fat distribution, and emotions, we can tell by muscles, senses, and hormones. Move, grow towards light, wilt

Question 4

How do people and plants reproduce?

Answer 4

Sexual reproduction. Sexual and asexual reproduction

Question 5

How do people and plants grow?

Answer 5

Creation of new cells, hormones, and new cuts that need to be repaired, Brain, hormones, and stem cells help us grow. Creation of new cells, moving, production of sugars

Question 6

What waste do people and plants produce?

Answer 6

Carbon dioxide, urine, feces. Oxygen

Question 7

What is the level of organization in organisms?

Answer 7

Organisms have body systems which perform the functions that keep that organism alive.
Each system is made up of organs.
Organs are made from tissues.
Tissues are composed of cells.

Question 8

Name the parts of a microscope.

Answer 8

Eyepiece, tube, revolving nosepiece, objective lens, stage, stage clips, condenser lens, diaphragm, light source, coarse adjustment knob, fine adjustment knob, arm, base.

Question 9

What is the eyepiece?

Answer 9

The part you look through

Question 10

What is the tube?

Answer 10

Holds the eyepiece and the objective lenses at the proper working distance from each other.

Question 11

What is the revolving nosepiece?

Answer 11

The rotating disc holds two or more objective lenses. Turn it to change lenses

Question 12

What is the objective lens?

Answer 12

Magnifies the object. Each lens has a different power of magnification. (4X, 10X, 40X)

Question 13

What is the stage?

Answer 13

Supports microscope slide.

Question 14

What is the stage clips?

Answer 14

holds slide in position.

Question 15

What is the condenser lens?

Answer 15

Directs light to the object being viewed.

Question 16

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 16

controls the amount of light reaching the object being viewed.

Question 17

What is the light source?

Answer 17

Shining a light through the object makes it easier to see details

Question 18

What is the coarse adjustment knob?

Answer 18

Moves the tube or stage up or down to bring the object into focus. Use it only with the low-power objective lens

Question 19

What is the fine adjustment knob?

Answer 19

Use with medium- and high- power magnification to bring the object into sharper focus

Question 20

What is the arm?

Answer 20

Connects the base and tube. Used for carrying the microscope

Question 21

What are unicellular and multicellulars?

Answer 21

unicellulars are one-celled organisms, multicellulars are organisms with multiple cells.

Question 22

How do unicellular and multicellular get energy?

Answer 22

U=Scoops up food directly from the environment
M= Ingests it from the mouth and processes it in the digestive system

Question 23

How do U’s and M’s grow/reproduce?

Answer 23

U=Splits into two new fully functioning organisms
M=Sexual & asexual reproduction

Question 24

How do U’s & M’s respond/adapt?

Answer 24

U=Swims to catch food
M=Nervous system receives information

Question 25

How do U’s & M’s produce waste?

Answer 25

U=Squirts out wastes and extra water through vacuoles and gives off CO2
M=Carbon dioxide, urine, feces (in plants: oxygen)

Question 26

What are U’s & M’s lifespans like?

Answer 26

U=A few hours to a few days
M=Years (humans: approx 80 years)

Question 27

What are the advantages and disadvantages of U and M?

Answer 27

Ua=reproduce very quickly
Ud=Cannot grow very large
Restricted to watery, food-rich surroundings
If it doesn’t get what it needs, the whole organism dies
Little variation from one generation to the next
Ma=Can move faster
live in a wide variety of environments
grow very large
obtain their energy from a wide variety of foods
have complex bodies
specialize functions and work in harmony with other cells
Md=Needs more energy and more food for daily processes and reproduction

Question 28

What is the animal cell?

Answer 28

Cell Membrane=The cell membrane protects and regulates what goes in and out of the cell, like how your skin protects your body.
Cytoplasm=The cytoplasm spreads materials such as oxygen and food to other parts of the cell. The cytoplasm also helps support all the other parts of the cell.
Nucleus=The nucleus controls the cell’s activities. It contains the chromosomes — genetic material structures that direct a cell’s growth and reproduction.
Vacuoles=Balloon-like spaces within the cytoplasm that are storage places for surplus food, wastes, and other substances that the cell cannot use right away.

Question 29

What are the two things plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

Answer 29

Cell wall=The cell wall occurs only in plants and fungi cells and some unicellular organisms. Cell walls are thicker, more rigid than cell membranes, and mostly made of tough cellulose material. They provide support for the cell.
Chloroplasts=Chloroplasts are the structures in which the process of photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll, which absorbs sunlight. Chloroplasts are found only inside cells in green plants and in some unicellular organisms.

Question 29

What is a cell membrane?

Answer 29

A cell membrane allows some substances to enter or leave the cell while stopping other substances. It is a selectively permeable membrane. (A permeable membrane allows all materials through, while an impermeable membrane does not allow anything through)

Question 30

What is diffusion?

Answer 30

It is the constant movement of particles in all liquids and gas. The particles move and spread throughout the cell evenly. Particles move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration until there is a balance.